零鱼粉饲料与高鱼粉饲料饲喂下凡纳对虾饲料利用效率相关性状的遗传评估  

Genetic Evaluation of Feed Efficiency Traits of Pacific White Shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)Fed Zero-and High Fishmeal Diets

作　　者：朱相燕 孟宪红[2,3] 代平 孔杰[2,3] 栾生 曹家旺[2] 谭建 邢群[4] ZHU Xiangyan;MENG Xianhong;DAI Ping;KONG Jie;LUAN Sheng;CAO Jiawang;TAN Jian;XING Qun(Fisheries College,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;BLUP Aquabreed Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261311,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所、海水养殖生物育种与可持续产出全国重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]青岛海洋科技中心海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]邦普种业科技有限公司,山东潍坊261311

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第5期174-182,共9页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200805;2022YFD2400202);中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费(20603022023001);中国水产科学研究院科技创新团队项目(2020TD26);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-48);海南省院士创新平台科研专项(YSPTZX202104);恒兴南美白对虾育种中心(2021E05032)共同资助。

摘　　要：为探讨选育零鱼粉需求凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)品种的可能性,解决目前鱼粉短缺、饲料成本居高不下的问题,本研究在零鱼粉饲料(蛋白含量占38%)和高鱼粉饲料(鱼粉含量占25%,蛋白含量占42%)饲喂条件下进行凡纳对虾饲料利用效率相关性状的遗传评估。选择30个家系进行40 d的单尾饲养实验,结果显示,饲喂高鱼粉饲料对虾的平均增重率(62.00%)和平均饲料效率比(124.00%)明显高于饲喂零鱼粉饲料(23.50%和49.40%)。对虾摄食量和增重率在零鱼粉饲料和高鱼粉饲料饲喂下的遗传力在0.458±0.140到0.699±0.155之间,饲料效率比在零鱼粉饲料和高鱼粉饲料饲喂下的遗传力分别为0.186±0.098和0.341±0.110。由于没有剖分出共同环境效应,遗传力都存在一定程度高估,因此,零鱼粉饲料饲喂下的饲料效率比的遗传变异并不高。摄食量和增重率在2种饲料间的遗传相关分别为0.580±0.171和0.676±0.155,表示这2个性状存在中等的基因型与饲料互作效应。饲料效率比在2种饲料间的遗传相关仅为0.299±0.304,表示该性状存在严重的基因型与饲料互作效应。综上结果来看,使用零鱼粉饲料不利于凡纳对虾的养殖及选育工作的开展。Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei,as one of the most productive and economically valuable shrimp species in the world,have many favorable characteristics,such as a short growth cycle,strong adaptability and disease resistance,and a low nutritional demand.They are omnivorous animals whose diet mainly consists of animal-derived food.Conventional feed used in their culture contains fishmeal as the main protein source.Feed costs account for 40%~60%of their production costs.Therefore,breeding P.vannamei strains without demand for fishmeal would be an effective way to address the issues of fishmeal shortage and high feed costs.Improving utilization efficiency for diets without fishmeal is key to breeding such P.vannamei strains.In this study,genetic parameters for feed efficiency traits(feed efficiency ratio,feed intake,and weight gain)and genotype by environment interaction were evaluated using two diets,one without fishmeal(38%protein)and one with 25%fishmeal(42%protein).Thirty families of P.vannamei were selected for a 40-day feeding experiment.A total of 900 shrimp(30 animals per family)were selected.Fifteen animals per family were fed a zero-fishmeal diet,and the other 15 animals were fed a high fishmeal diet.The feed intake and body weight of all animals were measured for calculating the feed efficiency ratio and weight gain.The variance components for these traits were estimated using a univariate model and an average information restricted maximum likelihood algorithm,and genetic(phenotypic)correlations between traits were estimated using bivariate analysis.The results showed that shrimp fed a high fishmeal diet exhibited a significantly higher mean weight gain(62.00%)and feed efficiency ratio(124.00%)than those fed a zero-fishmeal diet,which had a mean weight gain of 23.50%and feed efficiency ratio of 49.40%.There was a small difference in the mean feed intake between shrimp fed a high fishmeal diet(7.09 g)and those fed a zero-fishmeal diet(7.28 g).The heritability estimates for feed intake of shrimp fed z

关 键 词：凡纳对虾 饲料效率比 遗传力 遗传相关 基因型与饲料互作 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖]