三角帆蚌外套膜有核珍珠质量与育珠蚌生长性状相关和通径分析  

Correlation and Path Analysis Between the Quality of Nucleated Pearls from the Mantle of Hyriopsis cumingii and the Growth Traits of Host Mussels

作　　者：高金平 李家乐[1,2] 白志毅[1,2] GAO Jinping;LI Jiale;BAI Zhiyi(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture Animals,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Wuxi Golden Pearl Technology Co.,Ltd,Wuxi 214000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学、农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学、上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心,上海201306 [3]无锡金珍珠科技有限公司,江苏无锡214000

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2024年第5期204-212,共9页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-49);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2400105)共同资助。

摘　　要：三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)外套膜有核珍珠培育是新兴的珍珠培育技术。为了鉴定影响外套膜有核珍珠质量相关的生长性状,本研究以2龄三角帆蚌为育珠蚌,每蚌植入10颗规格为5 mm的珠核,培育19个月至商品珠,对珍珠质量性状(产珠数/成珠率、最大直径、最小直径、圆度、珍珠层厚度)与育珠蚌生长性状(壳长、壳宽、壳高、活体质量、壳质量、软组织质量)、珠核(最大直径、最小直径、圆度)进行相关及通径分析。结果显示,该批育珠蚌平均成珠率为(70.00±10.82)%,珍珠平均大小(最小直径)为(6.91±0.67)mm,珍珠平均圆度(直径差百分比)为(6.74±7.78)%。珍珠大小、珍珠层厚度与育珠蚌的壳宽、活体质量和壳质量极显著正相关(P<0.01),与育珠蚌的壳高和软组织质量显著正相关(P<0.05);壳宽与珍珠大小和珍珠层厚度的相关系数最大,均为0.69;而成珠率、珍珠圆度与育珠蚌各生长性状均不相关(P>0.05)。壳宽对珍珠大小和珍珠层厚度的直接作用(0.69)及直接决定系数(0.50)最大。研究表明,三角帆蚌的壳宽是提升外套膜有核珍珠的大小和珍珠层厚度品质的关键性状。The triangle-sail mussel(Hyriopsis cumingii)is the most important freshwater pearl-bearing mussel in China.Nucleated pearls from the mantle of H.cumingii are emerging pearl cultivation products.Compared to traditional non-nucleated and nucleated pearls from visceral mass,nucleated pearls from the mantle show significant cultivation advantages,such as high pearl quality and short nurturing cycles.These nucleated pearls are widely known as“freshwater Akoya”in the pearl market because they resemble Japanese saltwater Akoya pearls.However,techniques for cultivating nucleated pearls from the mantle of H.cumingii are still immature and lack a targeted quality evaluation system.Therefore,this study was conducted to identify growth traits related to the quality of nucleated pearls from the mantle of H.cumingii.Two-year-old H.cumingii were implanted with 10 nuclei,5 mm each in size per mussel.These host mussels were cultured for 19 months to form commercial pearls.Correlation and path analyses of the key quality traits of pearls(pearl number/pearl formation percentage,maximum diameter,minimum diameter,roundness,nacre thickness)and the growth traits of host mussels(shell length,shell width,shell height,body weight,shell weight,soft tissue weight)and nuclei(maximum diameter,minimum diameter,roundness)were performed.The results showed that the pearl formation rate varied from 50%to 100%,with 43.33%of mussels exhibiting a pearl formation rate of 70%and only 3.33%of mussels exhibiting a pearl formation rate of 50%or 100%.The average pearl formation rate was(70.00±10.82)%.The variation in pearl size(minimum diameter)was 4.72‒9.19 mm with an average of(6.91±0.67)mm.The variation in pearl roundness(diameter variation)was 0‒45.60%with an average of(6.74±7.78)%.The highest percentage of pearls were round,followed by near-round pearls,and then by positive round pearls at 21.90%.The nacre thickness was thin in 1.43%of pearls and extra thick in 98.57%.Pearl quantity and roundness were not correlated with all quantitative tr

关 键 词：三角帆蚌 外套膜有核珍珠 质量性状 生长性状 相关分析 通径分析 

分 类 号：S966.23[农业科学—水产养殖]