不同能量和蛋白质水平饲粮对育肥期牦牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及血浆指标的影响  

Effects of diets with different energy and protein levelson growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,and plasma indicators of fattening yaks

作　　者：姜南 贡觉郎珍[1] 孙光明 洛桑顿珠 次旦央吉 巴桑旺堆 JIANG Nan;GONGJUE Lang-zhen;SUN Guang-ming;LUOSANG Dun-zhu;CIDAN Yang-ji;BASANG Wang-dui

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,西藏拉萨850000 [2]大连大学生命健康学院,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2024年第14期7-12,共6页Feed Research

基　　金：“十四五”重大科技专项(项目编号:XZ202101ZD0002N);国家重点研发计划课题(项目编号:2021YFD1600200)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究饲粮不同能量和蛋白质水平对育肥期牦牛生长性能、养分表观消化率及血浆指标的影响。选取体重、体况相近且健康无病的2.5周岁牦牛48头,采用3×2双因素试验设计,按不同能量(高、中、低)和蛋白质(高、低)水平随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头牛。预试期15 d,正式试验期60 d。结果表明:高能量组末重(FBW)和总增重显著高于低能量组(P<0.05);高蛋白组FBW和总增重显著高于低蛋白组(P<0.05);能量与蛋白质的交互作用对总增重有显著影响(P<0.05)。高能量组干物质(DM)和粗蛋白(CP)表观消化率最高,低能量组DM和CP表观消化率最低,各组间差异显著(P<0.05);高蛋白组DM和CP表观消化率显著高于低蛋白组(P<0.05);能量与蛋白质的交互作用对DM和CP表观消化率有显著影响(P<0.05)。高能量组血浆总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于低能量组(P<0.05),低能量组血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于中能量组(P<0.05);能量与蛋白质的交互作用对ALB和ALP水平有显著影响(P<0.05)。血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随能量和蛋白质水平的升高而升高(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量随能量和蛋白质水平的升高而降低(P<0.05),能量与蛋白质的交互作用对T-AOC、SOD活性以及IgA、IgG、MDA含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。研究表明,高能高蛋白饲粮能够促进育肥期牦牛生长,改善血浆生化指标,增强机体抗氧化和免疫功能;推荐育肥期牦牛的适宜饲粮能量和蛋白质水平分别为8.88MJ/kg和12.82%。The experiment aimed to study the effects of diets with different energy and protein levels on the growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,and plasma indicators of fattening yaks.A total of 48 healthy yaks with similar body weight and condition,aged 2.5 years old,were selected and randomly divided into six groups with eight replicates in each group and one yak in each replicate,using a 3×2 factorial experimental design based on different energy(high,medium,low)and protein(high,low)levels.The pretreatment period was 15 days,and the formal experimental period was 60 days.The results showed that the high-energy group had significantly higher FBW and total weight gain than the low-energy group(P<0.05).the high-protein group had significantly higher FBW and total weight gain than the low-protein group(P<0.05).The interaction between energy and protein had a significant effect on total weight gain(P<0.05).The high-energy group had the highest apparent digestibility of DM and CP,while the low-energy group had the lowest apparent digestibility,with significant differences between groups(P<0.05).The high-protein group had significantly higher DM and CP apparent digestibility than the low-protein group(P<0.05).The interaction between energy and protein had a significant effect on DM and CP apparent digestibility(P<0.05).The high-energy group had significantly higher plasma TP and ALB levels than the low-energy group(P<0.05),and the low-energy group had significantly higher plasma ALP activity than the medium-energy group(P<0.05).The interaction between energy and protein had a significant effect on ALB and ALP(P<0.05).Plasma IgA and IgG levels,T-AOC,and SOD activity increased with the increase in energy and protein levels(P<0.05),while MDA content decreased(P<0.05),and the interaction between energy and protein had a significant effect on T-AOC,SOD activity,and the content of IgA,IgG,and MDA(P<0.05).The study indicates that a high-energy,high-protein diet can promote the growth of fattening yaks,improve plasma

关 键 词：牦牛 能量 蛋白质 生长性能 养分表观消化率 血浆指标 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]