人工智能辅助医疗侵权的归责困境与消解  

The Attribution Dilemma and Resolution of Liability in AI-Assisted Medical Malpractice

作　　者：刘谢慈 张璧瑜 LIU Xieci;ZHANG Biyu(Law School,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学法学院,湖南株洲412007

出　　处：《南京工程学院学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期40-49,共10页Journal of Nanjing Institute of Technology：Social Science Edition

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目“数字司法建设中审判资源动态配置研究”(23A0421);湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目“风险社会治理背景下民事诉讼合并制度的规范化研究”(21YBQ067)。

摘　　要：当前,人工智能技术在医疗领域迅速拓展,人工智能辅助医疗中的侵权责任认定问题也日益凸显。由于医疗人工智能(Artificial Intelligence,AI)自身属性特点以及我国相关法律规定的缺失,人机合作的医疗活动致患者损害的责任认定仍一味地采用传统的医疗损害责任认定,而真正的责任主体未能被有效规制。通过比较研究法、案例分析法等对人工智能辅助医疗的具体归责问题进行研究发现,人类医师在人机合作体系中有其角色定位与应尽义务,在人工智能辅助医疗侵权事故发生之时,应当坚持医疗人工智能的产品属性和辅助地位,并通过降低受害人的举证难度、增加生产者的主体范围等方式以适当调整医疗损害责任与医疗产品责任规则,明确不同情形下的责任主体和归责方式,以期保障各方的权益。At present,artificial intelligence(AI)technology is rapidly expanding in the medical field,and the issue of liability identification in artificial intelligence-assisted medical treatment is becoming increasingly prominent.Due to the characteristics of medical artificial intelligence itself and the lack of relevant laws in China,the identification of liability for patient harm caused by man-machine cooperation medical activities still blindly adopts the traditional liability for medical malpractice,and the true liability subject has not been effectively regulated.Through comparative research methods and case analysis,this paper studies the specific attribution issues of AI-assisted medical malpractice,discusses the role positioning and obligations of human physicians in the man-machine cooperation system,and concludes that the product attribute and auxiliary status of medical artificial intelligence should be adhered to when the infringement accident of AI-assisted medical treatment occurs.By reducing the difficulty of proof of the victim and expanding the scope of the subject of the producer,the rules of liability for medical damage and medical product liability should be properly adjusted to clarify the subject of liability and the way of liability under different circumstances,to protect the rights and interests of all parties.

关 键 词：人工智能 人工智能辅助医疗 侵权责任 医疗产品责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] R197.39[政治法律—法学]