高寒草甸主要毒杂草生态策略对高原鼠兔干扰的响应  

Response of Ecological Strategies of Noxious Weeds to Plateau Pika(Ochotona Curzoniae)Disturbance in an Alpine Meadow

作　　者：程小云 孙小丹 王新源 尚艺婕 庞晓攀 李捷 CHENG Xiao-yun;SUN Xiao-dan;WANG Xin-yuan;SHANG Yi-jie;PANG Xiao-pan;LI Jie(State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu Province 730020,China;Gansu Provincial Ecological Resources Monitoring Center,Gansu Forestry Survey and Planning Institute,Lanzhou,Gansu Province 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院/草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省生态资源监测中心/甘肃省林业调查规划院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第8期2459-2468,共10页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：2023年提前批中央财政林业改革发展资金草原科技支撑项目,甘林草发〔2023〕255号资助。

摘　　要：生态策略模型主要包括C策略(Competitive strategy),S策略(Stress-tolerant strategy)和R策略(Ruderal strategy)。本研究以高原鼠兔为例,通过野外配对法建立监测样地,分析了小型草食动物干扰对毒杂草生态策略的影响,发现高原鼠兔干扰并没有改变高寒草甸毒杂草生态策略的分布特征,但导致S策略毒杂草平均得分由79.1%变为57.9%,C策略毒杂草得分由20.9%变为30.6%,R策略毒杂草得分则增加了2.9%~52.5%,毒杂草生态策略逐渐由耐受型向竞争型过渡。高原鼠兔打破了植物群落原有的种间和种内关系,弱化区域因子决定高寒草甸毒杂草生存策略中的地位,毒杂草生态策略的决定因子由海拔转变为土壤全氮和植物地上生物量。随高原鼠兔干扰强度的增加,S策略毒杂草分布逐渐减弱,R策略毒杂草则表现为逐渐增加的变化趋势。本研究对于揭示小型草食动物干扰下高寒草甸植物对环境梯度的生态适应,并通过管理高原鼠兔而维持高寒草甸植物多样性与草地质量具有重要意义。The primary ecological strategies include the Competitive strategy(C),Stress–tolerant strategy(S)and Ruderal strategy(R).This study took the plateau pika as an example,establishing monitoring plots through the field pairing method to analyze the impact of small herbivore disturbance on the ecological strategies of noxious weeds.The results showed that although the disturbance by plateau pikas did not change the distribution characteristics of the ecological strategies of noxious weeds in the alpine meadows,while it led to a decrease in the average score of S-strategy noxious weeds from 79.1%to 57.9%,an increase in C-strategy noxious weeds from 20.9%to 30.6%,and an increase in R-strategy noxious weeds from 2.9%to 52.5%.Consequently,the ecological strategy of noxious weeds gradually transitioned from tolerance to competition.Plateau pikas could disrupt the original interspecific and intraspecific relationships within plant communities,weakening the role of regional factors in determining the survival strategies of noxious weeds in alpine meadows and causing the determinants of noxious weed ecological strategies to shift from altitude to total soil nitrogen and above-ground plant biomass.With the intensification of plateau pika disturbance,the distribution of S-strategy noxious weeds gradually weakened,while R-strategy noxious weeds showed a gradually increasing trend.This study is significant for revealing the ecological adaptation of alpine meadow plants to environmental gradients under small herbivore disturbance and for maintaining plant diversity and grassland quality in alpine meadows through the management of plateau pikas.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 CSR策略 毒杂草 干扰 叶片特征 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]