果园红壤供氮水平季节性变化及对长期套种绿肥的响应研究  

Seasonal Variation of Nitrogen Supply Level in Soil of Orchard and Its Response to Interplanting Green Manure

作　　者：钟珍梅[1,3] 李春燕 邢世和[2] 翁伯琦 ZHONG Zhen-mei;LI Chun-yan;XING Shi-he;WENG Bo-qi(Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian Province 350013,China;College of Resource and Environmental Science,Fujian agriculture and forest university,Fuzhou,Fujian Province 350002,China;Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Circular Agriculture,Fuzhou,Fujian Province 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]福建农林大学资源环境学院,福建福州350002 [3]福建省丘陵地区循环农业工程技术研究中心,福建福州350003

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第8期2514-2522,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021019)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以柿子(Diospyros kaki)园为对象,研究了长期(近20年)套种豆科绿肥对土壤可溶性氮和氮水解酶季节性变化的影响。试验设3个处理:套种平托花生(Arachis pintoi)(TPA)、套种圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia)(TPC)和清耕果园(CK)。结果表明:长期套种2种豆科绿肥没有改变果园红壤供氮水平的季节性变化规律,6月各处理硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、可溶性总氮(Total soluble nitrogen,TSN)和可溶性有机氮(Soluble organic nitrogen,SON)含量最高,分别为17.71~21.81,31.40~75.12和7.77~47.65 mg·kg^(-1);12月NO_(3)^(-)-N,TSN和SON含量最低,分别为4.88~6.02,15.17~17.45和5.03~7.92 mg·kg^(-1)。3月、6月和8月铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量高于4月、10月和12月;6月4种氮水解酶活性最高,8月和12月活性最低。长期套种2种豆科绿肥显著提高了生长季3—8月NO_(3)^(-)N,TSN,SON和NH_(4)^(+)-N含量以及蛋白酶、天冬酰胺酶、脲酶和谷氨酰胺酶活性。因此,长期套种圆叶决明和平托花生是通过增加生长季的可溶性氮含量和氮水化酶活性来增加土壤氮供应。Legume mulch is an important approach to fix nitrogen from air and change nitrogen supply in soil.This study was conducted to determine the effects of 20-year legume mulch on seasonal changes of soil soluble nitrogen and N-hydration enzymes in persimmon orchard.Three treatments were Arachis pintoi mulch(TPA),Chamaecrista.rotundifolia mulch(TPC),and no vegetation mulch(CK).Our results showed C.rotundifolia and A.pintoi mulch had no significantly effect on seasonal changes of 4 types of nitrogen concentrations and N-hydration enzyme activities.Among different treatments,the highest concentrations of NO_(3)^(-)-N(from 17.71 to 21.81 mg·kg^(-1)),TSN(from 31.40 to 75.12 mg·kg^(-1))and SON(from 7.77 to 47.65 mg·kg^(-1))were observed in June,and the minimum values with 4.88~6.02 mg·kg^(-1)NO_(3)^(-)-N,15.17~17.45 mg·kg^(-1)TSN and 5.03~7.92 mg·kg^(-1)SON were in December.NH_(4)^(+)-N concentration was higher in March,June and August than in April,October and December.Simultaneously,the highest activities of urease,protease,L-asparaginase and L-glutaminase were in June,and the minimum values were observed in August or December.However,C.rotundifolia and A.pintoi mulch significantly increased the concentration of soil NO_(3)^(-)-N,TSN,SON,NH_(4)^(+)-N,and the activities of protease,urease,L-asparaginase,urease and L-glutaminase in growing season.Our study indicated that the long-term C.rotundifolia and A.pintoi mulch increased soil nitrogen supply by adding soluble nitrogen concentrations and N-hydration enzyme activities in growing reason.

关 键 词：豆科绿肥套种 可溶性氮 季节性变化 氮水解酶 定位试验 

分 类 号：Q556[生物学—生物化学]