不同程度干旱胁迫和复水处理对刺槐苗木生理指标的影响  

The Impact of Varying Degrees of Drought Stress and Rehydration Treatment on the Physiological Indicators of Robinia pseudoacacia Seedlings

作　　者：金思雨 彭祚登[1] 张舒乐 Jin Siyu;Peng Zuodeng;Zhang Shule(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources(Beijing Forestry University),Beijing 100083,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室(北京林业大学),北京100083

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第10期27-39,共13页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600503)。

摘　　要：在北京市大东流苗圃(北方国家级林木种苗示范基地),采用盆栽控水法,以1年生‘豫刺槐1号’(Robinia pseudoacacia‘Yucihuai 1’)苗木为研究对象;试验设置充足供水(对照)、轻度干旱胁迫(60%田间持水量)、中度干旱胁迫(50%田间持水量)、重度干旱胁迫(40%田间持水量)4个处理,自苗木土壤含水量下降到预定值并维持一定处理时间(干旱10、30、50 d),测定苗木水分状况、光合参数、生理生化等指标;不同程度干旱胁迫处理50 d之后进行复水处理,复水20 d后测定苗木相关生理指标;采用单因素方差分析法(One-way ANOVA)、新复极差法(Duncan),分析干旱胁迫、复水处理,对刺槐苗木叶水势、光合参数、非结构性碳水化合物质量分数及酶活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明:干旱导致刺槐苗木叶水势不同程度下降,4种处理苗木叶水势由大到小依次为对照、轻度干旱、中度干旱、重度干旱。干旱导致刺槐苗木叶绿素质量分数呈现先增加后降低的趋势,重度干旱的反应更敏感,复水后逐渐恢复。轻度干旱和重度干旱导致刺槐苗木光合速率、气孔导度等光合生理指标明显下降,重度干旱时2个指标降到最低,而中度干旱时刺槐苗木光合速率未出现明显下降。干旱导致刺槐苗木叶和根可溶性糖质量分数显著增加、淀粉质量分数下降,重度干旱的影响大于中度干旱、轻度干旱处理。干旱处理后期,轻度干旱、中度干旱处理时,茎中淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物迅速积累,其中淀粉的积累在干旱50 d时达到最大值,茎中淀粉和非结构性碳水化合物分别比充足供水(对照)增加了69%、31%。复水后,非结构性碳水化合物用于器官的修复和重建,各处理茎淀粉质量分数、非结构性碳水化合物质量分数均下降。重度干旱在短期内迅速积累更多的游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白,同时根抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、过�In the Dadongliu Nursery of Beijing(a national demonstration base for forest tree seedlings in Northern China),a pot-controlled water method was employed to study 1-year-old Robinia pseudoacacia‘Yucihuai 1’seedlings.The experiment comprised four treatments:ample water supply(control),mild drought stress(60%field water capacity),moderate drought stress(50%field water capacity),and severe drought stress(40%field water capacity).Once the soil moisture content of the seedlings decreased to the predetermined values,they were maintained for specific durations(drought for 10,30,and 50 days).The seedlings’water status,photosynthetic parameters,and physiological and biochemical indicators were measured.After 50 days of different degrees of drought stress,rehydration treatments were applied,and relevant physiological indicators of the seedlings were measured after 20 days of rehydration.One-way ANOVA and Duncan were utilized to analyze the effects of drought stress and rehydration on physiological indicators,such as leaf water potential,photosynthetic parameters,non-structural carbohydrate mass fraction,and enzyme activities in the seedlings.The results showed that drought caused a varying degree of decline in leaf water potential in the seedlings.The sequence of leaf water potential from highest to lowest across the treatments was:control,mild drought,moderate drought,and severe drought.Drought led to an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease in chlorophyll mass fraction,with severe drought exhibiting a more sensitive,but gradually recovered after rehydration.Mild and severe droughts resulted in a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance,with both parameters dropping to their lowest during severe drought,while moderate drought did not show a significant decrease in photosynthetic rate.Drought resulted in a significant increase in the mass fraction of soluble sugars in the leaves and roots,while starch mass fraction decreased,with the impact of severe drought being greater than

关 键 词：刺槐 树木生理 干旱胁迫 复水 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]