不同树种防护林带对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀的阻控效应  

The Erosion Control Effectiveness of Different Tree Species Shelterbelts on Sloping Farmland Soil in the Black Soil Region

作　　者：李伟珍 谢雷雷 师立鹏 王秀伟[1] Li Weizhen;Xie Leilei;Shi Lipeng;Wang Xiuwei(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2024年第10期104-109,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1500705)。

摘　　要：以樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)、落叶松(Larix gmelinii)、小黑杨(Populus×xiaohei)林带防护的坡耕地土壤为研究对象,以无林带防护的坡耕地土壤为对照,测定土壤理化性质、团聚体特征并计算土壤可蚀性因子,分析不同防护林树种和坡位间坡耕地土壤抗侵蚀能力差异,探究防护林树种和坡位对坡耕地土壤抗侵蚀能力的影响及其潜在调控机理。结果表明:有林带防护的坡耕地土壤抗侵蚀能力显著高于无林带坡耕地土壤,林带对坡耕地土壤抗侵蚀能力的提升主要发生在坡中下及坡下位。3个树种中,落叶松防护林带对坡耕地土壤抗侵蚀能力的提升效果最佳。土壤密度、粒径(d)为2.00 mm≤d<5.00 mm、0.25 mm≤d<0.50 mm、d<0.25 mm的干筛团聚体均显著影响坡耕地土壤抗侵蚀能力,且d<0.25 mm干筛团聚体的影响最大。防护林树种对坡耕地土壤的抗侵蚀能力存在直接影响和间接影响。落叶松防护林带对坡耕地土壤抗侵蚀能力的提升效果最明显,可作为东北黑土区农田防护林的优先选择树种。The soil of sloping cultivated land with three tree species,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,Larix gmelinii and Populus×xiaohei,as shelterbelts was taken as the research object,with slope-cultivated soils without shelterbelts serving as the control.Soil physicochemical properties,aggregate characteristics,and soil erodibility factors were measured and analyzed to investigate the differences in erosion resistance among different shelterbelt tree species and slope positions,as well as to explore the effects and potential regulatory mechanisms of tree species and slope positions on soil erosion resistance.The results showed that slope-cultivated soils protected by shelterbelts exhibit significantly higher erosion resistance compared to slope-cultivated soils without shelterbelt,with the most notable improvement in erosion resistance occurring in the mid-lower and lower slope positions.Among the three tree species,L.gmelinii shelterbelts showed the most effective enhancement in soil erosion resistance of slope-cultivated soil.Soil density and dry sieve aggregate with particle sizes of 2.00 mm≤d<5.00 mm,0.25 mm≤d<0.50 mm,and d<0.25 mm significantly influenced soil erosion resistance,with the smallest particle size(d<0.25 mm)exerting the greatest impact.The enhancement in erosion resistance by L.gmelinii shelterbelts is particularly notable,making it a preferred tree species for farmland shelterbelts in the Northeast Black Soil region.

关 键 词：土壤团聚体 土壤可蚀性 土壤侵蚀 樟子松 落叶松 小黑杨 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]