差异化控制:项目权力分配的实践机制及治理效应——基于鄂中与皖北乡镇的比较研究  

Differentiated Control:the Practical Mechanism and Governance Effect of Division of Powers in Projects——A Comparative Study Based on Villages and Towns in Central Hubei and Northern Anhui

作　　者：张静霞 ZHANG Jingxia

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学马克思主义学院,北京100083

出　　处：《决策与信息》2024年第9期38-49,共12页Decision & Information

摘　　要：基层治理是国家治理的基石,项目制是政府通过落实项目资源的分配促进乡村振兴的途径之一,是实现基层治理现代化的关键。基层政府的差异化权力配置在目标设定、检查验收以及激励分配中呈现出高度关联和松散关联两种形态,在村庄项目运作实践中体现为“行政控制”和“自主控制”两种方式,由此产生两种不同的村庄治理样态。高度关联型的项目权力配置压缩了基层政府的自主性,过度强调高标准、重压力和强考核,使项目体制趋于刚性化,进而阻碍了乡村的发展;而松散关联型的项目权力分配赋予基层政府适度剩余控制权,能将精细化的项目标准与村庄发展需求相结合,发挥项目资源动员作用,促进项目资源的最大化利用,激活村庄治理主体的积极性和主动性,有利于构建政府、村庄与村民共建共治共享的项目治理新格局。Grassroots governance is the cornerstone of national governance.Project system is one of the ways for the government to promote rural revitalization by implementing the distribution of project resources,and it is the key to realize the modernization of grassroots governance.The differentiated power allocation of grassroots government presents two forms of high correlation and loose correlation in goal setting,inspection and acceptance,and incentive distribution.In the practice of village project operation,it is embodied in two ways of'administrative control'and'autonomous control',resulting in two different forms of village governance.The highly correlated project power allocation compresses the autonomy of the grass-roots government,overemphasizes high standards,heavy pressure and strong assessment,makes the project system tend to be rigid,and then hinders the development of the countryside;the loose-linked project power distribution gives the grass-roots government moderate residual control rights,which can combine the refined project standards with the village development needs,play the role of project resource mobilization,promote the maximum utilization of project resources,and activate the enthusiasm and initiative of village governance subjects.It is conducive to the construction of a new pattern of project governance in which the government,villages and villagers work together to build a new pattern of project governance.

关 键 词：项目资源 政府权力配置 乡村基层治理 项目下乡 农村公共品供给 

分 类 号：F281[经济管理—国民经济]