尼古拉·斯帕法里来华取道考论  

A Study on Nikolai Spafari's Path to China

作　　者：呼和 Huhe·Borjigid(School of Chinese Classics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Institute of Oriental and Asian Studies,University of Bonn,Bonn 53119,German)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872 [2]波恩大学东方学与亚洲研究学院,波恩53119

出　　处：《边疆经济与文化》2024年第9期75-78,共4页The Border Economy and Culture

基　　金：2023年国家留学基金管理委员会“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(联合培养博士研究生)”。

摘　　要：1675年,斯帕法里受沙皇派遣来华前,沙皇选定了经由卫拉特蒙古和喀尔喀蒙古深入中国腹地的两条路线。斯帕法里从莫斯科出发后,选择避开卫拉特蒙古地区,并非仅仅因为卫拉特地区的战争,不利的自然条件尤其托博尔斯克的基督教神父克里让尼奇从政治与经济角度给予的建议,对他的决策产生了更为深远的影响。斯帕法里避开喀尔喀蒙古地区,土谢图汗态度的转变亦非决定性因素,一旦抵达中国正北方边境城市后可能面临的种种问题令他不得不重新权衡。他在叶尼塞斯克得知俄国人在此路线的商业优势已不复存在,促使他最终转而开辟经色楞格斯克和达斡尔地区直接抵达中国的新路线,这条路线对俄国政治、经济具有不可估量的重要意义。In 1675,before being sent to China by the Tsar,Spafari chose two routes to penetrate deep into the hinterland of China through the Velat Mongols and the Kalkha Mongols.After departing from Moscow,Spafari chose to avoid the Velat Mongols not only because of the war in the Velat region,unfavorable natural conditions,and the political and economic advice given by Tobolsk's Christian priest Krieganich.Spafari avoided the Kalkha Mongols,and the change in attitude of the Tushetu Khan was not a decisive factor.The various problems he may face upon arriving in the northern border cities of China forced him to reconsider.He learned in Yenisysk that the commercial advantage of the Russians on this route no longer existed In the end,it prompted him to open up a new route directly to China through the Selengesk and Daur regions,which had immeasurable political and economic significance for Russia.

关 键 词：斯帕法里 卫拉特蒙古 喀尔喀蒙古 托博尔斯克 叶尼塞斯克 

分 类 号：K141[历史地理—历史学]