卧式有机肥撒施机改进设计与试验  

Improved design and test of horizontal organic fertilizer spreader

作　　者：郝程 崔清亮[1] 张燕青[1] 侯华铭 李浪 Hao Cheng;Cui Qingliang;Zhang Yanqing;Hou Huaming;Li Lang(College of Agricultural Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业工程学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第9期69-76,共8页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D211002);山西省杂粮产业技术体系项目(2022ZLTX—26);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2019050)。

摘　　要：常作为基肥的固态有机肥,具有施用量大、流动性差、易结拱等特点,采用卧式有机肥撒施机施肥,存在输肥功耗大、施肥均匀性差等问题。对卧式有机肥撒施机进行改进设计,在肥料出口处增设钉齿式输肥破碎辊、减压挡板和撞击导板,以减小输肥功耗提高施肥均匀性。对卧式有机肥撒施机改进前后的输肥功耗进行理论计算与对比分析,结果表明:改进前完成一次抛撒作业链板输肥功耗为2.57×10^(5) J,改进后完成一次抛撒作业输肥功耗为2.05×10^(5) J,输肥功耗可降低20.23%。运用EDEM软件,以输肥破碎辊钉齿排数、输肥破碎辊转速、肥量调节板开度为试验因素,抛撒均匀性横向变异系数为评价指标,进行单因素试验与响应面试验;运用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件对试验结果进行参数优化,并对优化后的参数进行验证试验。结果表明:输肥破碎辊钉齿排数为7排、输肥破碎辊转速为147 r/min、肥量调节板开度226 mm时,抛撒均匀性横向变异系数为14.04%,试验结果与仿真结果基本一致。研究结果为卧式有机肥撒施机的结构和性能优化提供参考。The solid organic fertilizer,which is often used as base fertilizer,is characterized by large application amounts,poor mobility,easy arching,etc.When fertilizer is applied by a horizontal organic fertilizer spreader,there are problems such as high power consumption of fertilizer delivery and poor uniformity of fertilizer application.In this paper,the design of the horizontal organic fertilizer spreader is improved by adding a spike‑tooth fertilizer delivery crushing roller,a pressure‑reducing baffle,and an impact guide plate at the fertilizer outlet to reduce the power consumption of fertilizer delivery and improve the uniformity of fertilizer application.The theoretical calculation and comparative analysis of the power consumption of fertilizer delivery before and after the improvement of the horizontal organic fertilizer spreader showed that the power consumption of the chain plate for fertilizer delivery before the improvement was 2.57×10^(5) J,and the power consumption of fertilizer delivery after the improvement was 2.05×10^(5) J,which could reduce the power consumption of fertilizer delivery by 20.23%.Using EDEM software,a single‑factor test and response surface test was conducted and the test results were analyzed with the number of rows of fertilizer‑crushing roller teeth,fertilizer‑crushing roller speed,and fertilizer adjusting plate opening as the test factors and the coefficient of lateral variation of spreading uniformity as the evaluation index.Design-Expert 8.0.6 software was used to optimize the test results and verify the optimized parameters.The results showed that when the number of rows of teeth of the fertilizer delivery roller was 7,the speed of the fertilizer delivery roller was 147 r/min,and the opening of the fertilizer adjustment plate was 226 mm,the lateral variation coefficient of spreading uniformity was 14.04%,and the test results were basically consistent with the simulation results.The results of the study provide a reference for the optimization of the structure and per

关 键 词：施肥机械 有机肥 变异系数 抛撒均匀性 

分 类 号：S224.22[农业科学—农业机械化工程]