尾菜沼液配比对土壤质量及花椰菜产量和品质影响  

Effect of vegetable residue biogas slurry ratio on soil quality,cauliflower yield and quality

作　　者：汪建旭 王晶 卢秀霞 杨祎程 何潇 曾乐强 Wang Jianxu;Wang Jing;Lu Xiuxia;Yang Yicheng;He Xiao;Zeng Leqiang(Lanzhou Modern Vocational College,Lanzhou,730300,China;Lanzhou Agricultural Science Technology Research and Extension Center,Lanzhou,730010,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州现代职业学院,兰州市730300 [2]兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,兰州市730010

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2024年第9期278-284,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划项目(21YF5NA161);兰州市青年科技人才创新项目(2023—QN—143)。

摘　　要：为探讨尾菜沼液(以下简称“沼液”)施用浓度对土壤养分、花椰菜产量和品质的影响,并确定适合花椰菜生长的最佳沼液浓度,实现沼液资源化应用,以“兴隆玉秀”为供试花椰菜品种,清水沟灌为对照(CK),设置6个沼液浓度梯度,即沼液原液分别稀释3(T3)、6(T6)、9(T9)、12(T12)、15(T15)、18(T18)倍。结果表明,T18处理土壤pH降至最低(P<0.05),pH值为8.19,较CK降低3.87%;土壤电导率(EC)随着沼液浓度的降低而逐渐降低,且T12、T15、T18三种处理与CK相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05);与CK相比,沼液施灌均显著增加土壤总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总钾(TK)及有机质(OM)含量,不论以OM含量为衡量标准还是以花椰菜产量为衡量标准时均以T6处理效果最佳,T6处理下土壤TN、TP、TK和OM含量分别较CK增加27.76%、36.65%、6.79%、34.97%,株高、茎粗、产量分别提高24.05%、15.49%、13.74%;与CK相比,适当沼液浓度施用均提高花椰菜可溶性固含物(SSC)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、维生素C和还原糖含量,最大增幅分别为26.28%、12.75%、18.61%、65.05%;硝酸盐含量与沼液浓度总体呈负相关,但无论何种沼液灌溉浓度,均未超过限值。T6处理可显著提高0~20 cm土壤肥力,促进花椰菜生长,增加产量,改善品质,可作为花椰菜灌施的最佳比例。In order to explore the effects of application concentration of vegetable residue biogas slurry(hereinafter referred to as“biogas slurry”)on soil nutrients,cauliflower yield and quality,and to determine the optimal biogas slurry concentration suitable for cauliflower growth,so as to achieve the resource utilization of biogas slurry,this experiment used"XinglongYuxiu"as the tested cauliflower variety,with clear water ditch irrigation as the control(CK).Six biogas slurry concentration gradients were set,with the biogas slurry diluted 3(T3),6(T6),9(T9),12(T12),15(T15),and 18(T18)times,respectively.The results showed that the soil pH of T18 treatment decreased to the lowest(P<0.05),with a pH value of 8.19,which was 3.87%lower than that of CK.The soil electrical conductivity(EC)gradually decreased with the decrease of biogas slurry concentration,and there was no significant difference in T12,T15,and T18 treatments compared to CK(P>0.05).Compared with CK,biogas slurry irrigation significantly increased soil total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),total potassium(TK),and organic matter(OM)content.Whether measured by OM content or cauliflower yield,T6 treatment had the best effect.Under T6 treatment,soil TN,TP,TK,and OM content increased by 27.76%,36.65%,6.79%,and 34.97%,respectively,compared to CK.Plant height,stem diameter,and yield increased by 24.05%,15.49%,and 13.74%,respectively.Compared with CK,the application of appropriate biogas slurry concentration increased the soluble solid content(SSC),soluble protein(SP),vitamin C,and reducing sugar content of cauliflower,with maximum increases of 26.28%,12.75%,18.61%,and 65.05%,respectively.The nitrate content is negatively correlated with the overall concentration of biogas slurry,but regardless of the irrigation concentration of biogas slurry,it does not exceed the limit value.In summary,T6 treatment can significantly improve soil fertility by 0-20 cm,promote cauliflower growth,increase yield,and improve quality,making it the optimal ratio for cauliflower irrigation

关 键 词：花椰菜 尾菜沼液 土壤质量 生长特性 沟灌处理 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S151.9[农业科学—农业基础科学]