青海省东北部1980—2020年降雹持续时间及影响因子研究  

Characteristic and Influence Factors of Hail Duration in Northeast Qinghai Province during 1980-2020

作　　者：林春英 周万福 庞昕玮 张莉燕 王启花 冯晓莉 侯永慧 LIN Chunying;ZHOU Wanfu;PANG Xinwei;ZHANG Liyan;WANG Qihua;FENG Xiaoli;HOU Yonghui(Qinghai Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center,Xining 810001,China;Changde Meteorological Bureau,Changde 415000,China;Qinghai Climate Center,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省气象灾害防御技术中心,青海西宁810001 [2]常德市气象局,湖南常德415000 [3]青海省气候中心,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2024年第4期36-42,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目(2021-ZJ-745);青海省气象局重点项目(QXZD2022-12);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK010406);国家自然基金(42165008)。

摘　　要：利用青海省东北部11个地面观测站1980-2020年高空和地面观测资料,分析了降雹持续时间的时空分布及影响因子。结果表明:近41年青海省东北部降雹持续时间与海拔高度呈显著的正相关,站点平均单次降雹持续时间的最大值在化隆县,为9 min,最小值在同仁县,仅4.89 min;降雹持续时间<9 min的频率最高,占总观测次数的73.55%;降雹持续时间月变化明显,日变化呈单峰型,峰值出现在16时,占总降雹累计持续时间的19.12%;年平均降雹持续时间以0.9 min/10 a趋势下降,降雹持续时间的减少与平均气温升高、0℃层和-20℃层高度升高、气温日较差及相对湿度减小相关。Based on the high and ground observation data from 11 ground observation stations in northeastern Qinghai province from 1980 to 2020,the spatial and temporal distribution of hail duration and its influence factors were analyzed.The results show that the duration of hail was significantly positively correlated with altitude,the maximum value of average hail duration was 9 minutes in Hualong county,and the minimum value was 4.89 minutes in Tongren county in recent 41 years.The frequency was the highest when the hail duration was less than 9 minutes,accounting for 73.55%of the total observed times.The monthly variation of hail duration was obvious,the daily variation showed a single peak type,the peak value appeared at 16:00,accounting for 19.12%of the total cumulative of hail duration.The mean annual hail duration decreased by 0.9 min/10 a,the decrease of hail duration was related to the increase of average temperature,the rise of 0℃and-20℃layer height,the decrease of daily temperature range and relative humidity.

关 键 词：降雹 时空分布 影响因子 

分 类 号：P482[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]