乌鲁木齐机场2021年首场强浓雾特征及成因分析  

Characteristics and Causes of the First Strong Dense Fog at Urumqi Airport in 2021

作　　者：张亚莉 王清平 万瑜 张宇翔 郭俊含 谭艳梅 ZHANG Yali;WANG Qingping;WAN Yu;ZHANG Yuxiang;GUO Junhan;TAN Yanmei(Meteorological Center of Xinjiang Air Traffic Management Bureau,Urumqi 830016,China;Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]民航新疆空中交通管理局气象中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830016 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2024年第4期83-90,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区面上项目(2021D01A151);民航新疆空管局科技项目(202106)。

摘　　要：利用欧洲中心ERA5 0.25°×0.25°再分析、机场HTG-3微波辐射计、FY4A新一代静止气象卫星、机场跑道自动观测系统(AWOS)等多源观测资料,对2021年11月16日乌鲁木齐机场浓雾天气进行诊断分析。结果表明:机场历年首场强浓雾多出现和维持在11月的早晨至午后,以辐射雾为主,持续3~4 h,此场强浓雾呈现持续时间偏长,辐射和平流兼有的特点。降水后高湿、夜间辐射作用及地面西北风增大至4~5 m·s^(-1)时,利于机场辐射雾形成和上游辐射雾的平流;地面辐合带与强浓雾区有较好对应关系,辐合带北侧为偏北风,南侧为偏南风,当近地面逆温层建立,利于辐合带内雾体爆发性增强;近地层小高压维持静稳流场、近地层东南风层、暖平流和逆温层加强并维持、300 m以下相对湿度达95%以上及地面偏北风为0~2 m·s^(-1)时,利于强浓雾维持;机场升温破坏贴地逆温,地面风速增大至2~4 m·s^(-1),破坏地面静稳状态,地面辐合带东移至城区一带,逆温层减弱抬升至城区上空时,机场强浓雾消散。对于浓雾监测,使用FY4A的10.8μm与3.75μm的通道差、0.83μm、2.2μm、3.75μm能很好地显示雾区的范围、温度、移动及雾的消散等特征,利于浓雾区的识别和预报预警。The thick fog weather at Urumqi Airport on November 16,2021 was observed and analyzed by using the multi-source observation data of ERA5 0.25°×0.25°reanalysis of the European Center,HTG-3 microwave radiometer,FY4A new generation stationary meteorological satellite,and Automatic Watch Over Runway System(AWOS).The results showed that the first thick fog at the airport in recent years usually occurred and maintained in the morning and afternoon of November,mainly as radiation fog,lasting 3-4 h.This thick fog showed a long duration,with both radiation and advection.After precipitation,the conditions with high humidity,night radiation and ground northwest wind increased to 4-5 m·s^(-1),were conducive to the formation of radiation fog at the airport and the advection of radiation fog upstream.There was a good correspondence between the ground convergence zone and the thick fog area.The north side of the convergence zone was northerly wind,and the south side was southerly wind.For thick fog monitoring,the comprehensive use of FY4A's 10.8μm and 3.75μm channel difference,0.83μm,2.2μm,3.75μm can well display the fog area range,temperature,movement,fog dissipation and other characteristics,which was conducive to the identification,forecast and early warning of thick fog area.

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐机场 强浓雾 微波辐射计 AWOS 

分 类 号：P458.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]