新疆重点城市大气颗粒物变化特征  

Variation Characteristics of Main Air Particulate Matter in Major Cities of Xinjiang

作　　者：梅桢 许婷婷 赵克明 李霞[3] 郑博华 闵月 杨贝贝 MEI Zhen;XU Tingting;ZHAO Keming;LI Xia;ZHENG Bohua;MIN Yue;YANG Beibei(Urumqi Meteorological Satellite Ground Station,Urumqi 830011,China;Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002,China;Institute of Desert and Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;Xinjiang Weather Modification Office,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区人工影响天气办公室,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2024年第4期115-124,共10页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然基金面上项目(2020D01A99);国家自然科学基金青年基金(42205010)。

摘　　要：基于新疆16个主要城市2015—2022年40个环境监测站逐时的6类空气污染物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO、O_(3))数据,分析了大气污染物的时空变化特征,结果表明:(1)新疆大气污染物以颗粒物为主。(2)PM_(10)浓度由南到北逐渐降低,浓度最高值出现在和田的春季,达六级污染(546μg·m^(-3));PM_(2.5)浓度在春、夏、秋季与PM_(10)浓度分布特征一致,冬季中天山北坡城市浓度明显升高,全年最高值出现在五家渠市冬季,达五级污染(172μg·m^(-3));四季PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度最低值均出现在阿勒泰市,空气质量优。(3)乌鲁木齐市和喀什市颗粒物浓度整体呈下降趋势。阿勒泰市两类颗粒物浓度整体较低,空气质量均为优良等级。乌鲁木齐市PM_(10)及PM_(2.5)浓度在冬半年较高,两类颗粒物浓度均在2017年1月达到最高值,达五级污染。喀什市PM_(10)浓度2—5月较高,PM_(2.5)浓度10月—次年5月较高,两类颗粒物浓度均在2016年3月达到最高值,达六级污染。(4)两类颗粒物浓度日变化相似,阿勒泰市四季均在23:00前后较高,乌鲁木齐市春、夏、秋三季00:00—02:00较高、冬季22:00较高,喀什市春、夏、秋三季01:00前后较高、冬季13:00较高。Based on the data of six types of pollutants(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),NO_(2),CO and O_(3))from 40 environmental monitoring stations in 16 major cities of Xinjiang from 2015 to 2022,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric pollutants were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The main air pollutant in Xinjiang was particulate matter.(2)The concentration of PM_(10)gradually decreased from south to north,the highest concentration of PM_(10)was found in spring in Hotan city,with the air pollution level at the sixth level(546μg·m^(-3)).The distribution pattern of PM_(2.5)was consistent with that of PM_(10)in spring,summer,and autumn.The concentration values in cities on the northern slope of the middle Tianshan Mountains were high in winter,with the highest value of PM_(2.5)in Wujiaqu city at the air pollution level five(172μg·m^(-3)).The lowest concentrations of PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)in all seasons were found in Altay city,and the air quality was excellent.(3)The particulate matter concentration in Urumqi and Kashgar showed a declining trend.The lowest concentrations of both types of particulate matter were found in Altay,and the air quality was excellent.The concentrations of PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)in Urumqi were high in the winter half year,and the highest concentrations of both PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)were found in January 2017,and the air pollution was at level five.The concentration of PM_(10)in Kashgar was high from February to May,the concentration of PM_(2.5)was high from October to the following May,and both types of particulate matter reached their highest values in March 2016 with the air pollution level six.(4)The daily variations of the two types of particulate matter were similar,the concentrations were high around 23:00 in all seasons in Altay city.In Urumqi,the concentrations were high from 00:00 to 02:00 in spring,summer,and autumn,and at 22:00 in winter.In Kashgar,the concentrations were high around 01:00 in spring,summer,and autumn,and at 13:00 in winter.

关 键 词：颗粒物 日变化特征 空间分布 新疆 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]