油菜压青还田配合化肥减施对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响试验  

Effects of Rapeseed Greening and Returning to Field Combined with Fertilizer Reduction on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility

作　　者：廖妙娟 于猛 李建明 何伊平 林忠 LIAO Miaojuan;YU Meng;LI Jianming;HE Yiping;LIN Zhong(Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Testing Center,Cangwu County,Wuzhou,Guangxi 543116,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Cangwu County,Wuzhou,Guangxi 543116,China;Soil and Fertilizer Work Station,Cangwu County,Wuzhou,Guangxi 543116,China;Shiqiao Town Agricultural Service Center,Cangwu County,Wuzhou Guangxi 543116,China)

机构地区：[1]苍梧县农产品质量安全检测中心,广西梧州543116 [2]苍梧县农业技术推广站,广西梧州543116 [3]苍梧县土壤肥料工作站,广西梧州543116 [4]苍梧县石桥镇农业服务中心,广西梧州543116

出　　处：《广西农学报》2024年第3期1-7,共7页Journal of Guangxi Agriculture

基　　金：中央资金《双季稻轮作补贴项目》(农办农[2021]8号、桂农厅办发[2022]15号)。

摘　　要：探索绿肥还田最佳的化肥减施水平,为绿肥替代化肥技术推广和实施化肥减量增效提供理论依据。通过翻压等量绿肥22.5 t/hm^(2)油菜,设8个不同量化肥施肥水平处理的水稻试验,根据水稻产量及其对土壤肥力需求的变化,判断化肥减量潜力。化肥减施30%的处理与单施化肥处理的产量相当,水稻产量能维持仍不减产;化肥减施15%~20%处理的水稻产量最高,有增产的趋势;化肥没减施的处理有肥力过剩的表现;绿肥还田增加土壤速效养分,提高土壤肥力。油菜压青还田,既能替代部分化肥的施用,提高水稻产量,又能改善土壤环境,提升耕地质量。在水稻生产上,提倡种植绿肥还田及配施化肥或有机肥以提高水稻产量及培肥土壤。To explore the best level of fertilizer reduction for green fertilizer return to the field,and to provide a theoretical basis for the promotion of green fertilizer replacement technology and the implementation of fertilizer reduction and efficiency.Arice experiment was conducted.This experiment involved overpressing 22.5 t/hm^(2)rapeseed with the same amount of green fertilizer,and setting up 8 different levels of fertilizer fertilization levels to determine the potential for fertilizer reduction potential based on the changes in rice yield and soil fertility.The yield of rice treated witha 30%fertilizer reduction was similar to that treated with singleaa fertilizer application,and the yield of rice remained unchanged.The rice yield under the treatment of reducing fertilizer application by 15%—20%was the highest,showing an increasing trend.The treatment without fertilizer reduction resulted in excess fertility.Green fertilizer returning to the field can increase soil available nutrients and improve soil fertility.Rapeseed can replace a portion of the fertilizer application,increase rice yield,enhance the quality of soil environment and enhance the quality of cultivated land quality.In rice production,it is recommended to plant green fertilizer to return to the field and apply chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer to increase rice yield and improve soil fertility.

关 键 词：绿肥还田 化肥减施 水稻试验 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]