天津市2020—2023年手足口病聚集性疫情流行特征及病原学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics and pathogenetic characterization of clustered outbreaks of hand,foot,and mouth disease in Tianjin from 2020 to 2023

作　　者：高璐[1] 程思 李琳[1] GAO Lu;CHENG Si;LI Lin(Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心,天津300011

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第8期1001-1005,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：天津市医学重点学科流行病学(传染病预防与控制)项目(No.TJYXZDXK-050A);国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生人才培养支持项目。

摘　　要：目的了解2020—2023年天津市手足口病聚集性疫情流行病学和病原学特征并进行分析,为有效控制手足口病聚集性疫情提供科学依据。方法通过2020—2023年“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”收集天津市疫情信息,采用描述性分析方法对手足口病聚集性疫情的时间、地区发生情况及血清分型进行分析;采用χ^(2)检验对疫情发生场所,公立与私立托幼机构的罹患率进行比较;采用spearman相关性分析法分析发病-报告间隔时间与疫情规模、持续时间的相关性。结果2020—2023年天津市共报告手足口病聚集性疫情1111起,2023年最多,达49.24%,在托幼机构发生疫情的占比最高(47.16%);聚集性疫情涉及病例3175例,罹患率为11.49%,发病高峰在9—10月,托幼机构、小学、中学场所聚集性疫情发生率分别为5.49%、3.70%、2.68%,各类场所间聚集性疫情发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=43.498,P<0.001)。疫情持续时间1~18 d,中位天数3 d。疫情上报时间与疫情持续时间(r=0.609,P<0.05)及发病人数均呈正相关(r=0.515,P<0.05)。柯萨奇病毒(Coxsackievirus,CV)A组6型(CV-A6)感染引起的聚集615起,占比最高为76.59%,CVA组16型(CV-A16)感染引起的聚集131起,占比为16.31%。结论天津市手足口病疫情场所主要发生在托幼机构,秋季开学是聚集性疫情高发时间,期间重点场所应加强晨午检、因病缺勤登记,做到在早期甄别聚集性疫情,降低疫情规模和持续时间。Objective To understand the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)cluster outbreaks in Tianjin from 2020 to 2023,and to provide a scientific basis for effectively controlling HFMD cluster outbreaks.Methods Epidemic information of Tianjin was collected through the"China Disease Prevention and Control Information System"from 2020 to 2023.Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the time,regional occurrence,and serum typing of HFMD cluster outbreaks.The chi-square test was used to compare the incidence rates in epidemic sites,public and private childcare institutions.The Spearman correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the time interval from onset to reporting and the outbreak scale and duration of the epidemic.Result From 2020 to 2023,1111 HFMD clustered outbreaks were reported in Tianjin,with the highest proportion(49.24%)in 2023 and the highest proportion(47.16%)in childcare institutions.A total of 3175 cases were involved in cluster outbreaks,with an incidence rate of 11.49%.The peak incidence was from September to October,with the incidence rates of cluster outbreaks in childcare institutions,primary schools,and secondary schools being 5.49%,3.70%,and 2.68%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of cluster outbreaks among various institutions(χ^(2)=43.498,P<0.001).The duration of the epidemic ranged from 1 to 18 days,with a median of 3 days.The reporting time of the epidemic was positively correlated with the duration of the epidemic(r=0.609,P<0.05)and the number of cases(r=0.515,P<0.05).Coxsackievirus A6(CV-A6)caused the majority of cluster outbreaks(615 cases,76.59%),followed by Coxsackievirus A16(CV-A16)(131 cases,16.31%).Conclusions HFMD outbreaks in Tianjin predominantly occurred in childcare institutions,with a high incidence of cluster outbreaks during the autumn school opening period.During this period,key places should strengthen morning and afternoon examinations,registration of absences

关 键 词：手足口病 聚集性疫情 流行特征 病原学 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]