中南某市地铁站和车厢室内空气细菌污染状况及菌群分布特征  

Pollution status and distribution characteristics of indoor air bacteria in subway stations and compartments in a city of Central South China

作　　者：程淑燕 桂卓嘉[3] 苏丽琴[1] 田国忠[4] 葛覃兮[1] 罗姣 邵冉起 李峰 奚伟豪 周纯良[5] 彭蔚[3] 彭敏兰 杨敏[3] 张必科 王先良[1] 姚孝元[1] CHENG Shuyan;GUI Zhuojia;SU Liqin;TIAN Guozhong;GE Tanxi;LUO Jiao;SHAO Ranqi;LI Feng;XI Weihao;ZHOU Chunliang;PENG Wei;PENG Minlan;YANG Min;ZHANG Bike;WANG Xianliang;YAO Xiaoyuan(National Institute of Environmental Health/China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;School of Public Health/Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang,Guizhou 561113,China;Xiangtan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xiangtan,Hunan 411100,China;National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Environmental Health Division,Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所/中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室,北京100050 [2]贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院/环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳561113 [3]湘潭市疾病预防控制中心,湖南湘潭411100 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,北京102206 [5]湖南省疾病预防控制中心环境健康科,湖南长沙410005

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2024年第7期801-806,813,共7页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600501)。

摘　　要：[背景]细菌是地铁室内空气中种类最多、来源最广泛的微生物,其中的病原菌可通过空气在人群中传播,导致健康风险增加。[目的]了解中南某城市地铁站内及车厢内空气细菌污染状况及其菌群分布特征,为制定改善地铁室内空气细菌污染干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]根据客流量差异,选择中南某市三个地铁站及停靠列车车厢进行同步空气采样监测。采用直读法测定温度、湿度、风速、二氧化碳(CO_(2))、细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))和可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))。按照GB/T 18204.3—2013《公共场所卫生检验方法第3部分:空气微生物》要求,以28.3 L·min^(−1)流量采集空气样本,培养检测细菌总数,对细菌微生物种类进行质谱鉴定,根据国家卫生健康委员会制定的《人间传染的病原微生物目录》区分病原菌和非病原菌。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行不同区域和时段地铁卫生指标的比较分析,采用Bonferroni检验进行两两比较,采用Spearman相关性检验对CO_(2)浓度与细菌总数进行关联性分析。[结果]地铁站内和车厢内空气细菌总数、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)合格率均为100.0%,温度、风速合格率均为94.4%,CO_(2)合格率为98.6%,湿度合格率为0%。地铁站内和车厢内空气细菌总数的中位数及第25、75百分位数为177(138,262)CFU·m^(−3);不同区域、不同时段的比较分析显示,空气细菌总数站厅高于站台,早高峰高于晚高峰,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用全自动微生物质谱检测系统对分离纯化的菌株进行菌种鉴定,共鉴定出874株菌株,82类菌种,鉴定结果得分均>9分;空气细菌优势菌为藤黄微球菌(52.2%)和人葡萄球菌(9.8%)。在3个地铁站内和车厢内检出表皮葡萄球菌(2.2%)、鲍氏不动杆菌(0.3%)和纹带棒杆菌(0.1%)这3种病原菌共23例(2.6%),检出位置主要分布于晚高峰时的车厢内。[结论]地铁室内不同区域、不同时段空气细菌总数存在�[Background]Bacteria are the most diverse and widely sourced microorganisms in the indoor air of subway stations,where pathogenic bacteria can spread through the air,leading to increased health risks.[Objective]To understand the status and distribution characteristics of indoor air bacterial pollution in subway stations and compartments in a city of Central South China,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures to address indoor air bacteria pollution in subways.[Methods]Three subway stations and the compartments of trains parking there in a city in Central South China were selected according to passenger flow for synchronous air sampling and monitoring.Temperature,humidity,wind speed,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),and inhalable particulate matter(PM_(10))were measured by direct reading method.In accordance with the requirements of Examination methods for public places-Part 3:Airborne microorganisms(GB/T 18204.3-2013),air samples were collected at a flow rate of 28.3 L·min^(−1),and total bacterial count was estimated.Bacterial microbial species were identified with a mass spectrometer and pathogenic bacteria were distinguished from non-pathogenic bacteria according to the Catalogue of pathogenic microorganisms transmitted to human beings issued by National Health Commission.Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the subway hygiene indicators in different regions and time periods,and Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparison.Spearman correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between CO_(2)concentration and total bacterial count.[Results]The pass rates were 100.0%for airborne total bacteria count,PM_(2.5),and PM_(10)in the subway stations and train compartments,94.4%for temperature and wind speed,98.6%for CO_(2),but 0%for humidity.The overall median(P25,P75)total bacteria count was 177(138,262)CFU·m^(−3).Specifically,the total bacteria count was higher in station halls than in platforms,and higher during morning peak hours than durin

关 键 词：地铁 室内空气 细菌总数 菌种鉴定 致病菌 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]