湿法磷酸萃取技术发展现状与研究进展  

Development status and research progress of wet phosphoric acid extraction technology

作　　者：黄欣雨 甘晨 张名扬 邱丽娜[1,2] 弓爱君[1,2] 董艺 HUANG Xinyu;GAN Chen;ZHANG Mingyang;QIU Lina;GONG Aijun;DONG Yi(School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学功能分子与晶态材料科学与应用北京市重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2024年第11期1948-1959,共12页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFF0106006);校企合作开发项目(2023-0789);2023年本科生科技创新创业训练项目(2023991NAN)。

摘　　要：磷酸作为一种重要的化工原料,在化工业中占有极其重要的地位.磷酸的应用主要由磷酸的纯度决定,低纯度磷酸可用于工业和农业领域,而高纯度磷酸则可用于医药、食品和电子等行业.我国磷矿以低品位磷矿为主,生产磷酸主要采用湿法工艺.相比热法生产,湿法工艺更加清洁环保,但产品杂质含量多、种类复杂,故发展磷酸净化技术尤为重要.本文从湿法磷酸纯化技术中的萃取法出发,综述了萃取法的主要研究进展.重点介绍了溶剂萃取法、双水相萃取法、反胶团萃取法、超声协助萃取法和超临界流体萃取法的基本原理和发展趋势.分析了不同萃取方法的优缺点、分离效果和适用条件.突出介绍了溶剂萃取法,梳理了磷酸除杂的主要萃取剂,特别强调了复合萃取剂和新型萃取剂在磷酸纯化方面的显著优势,最后,对磷酸的萃取技术做出了前景展望.Phosphoric acid,as a vital chemical raw material,holds an important position in the chemical industry.Its applications span across various sectors,determined largely by its purity.Low-purity phosphoric acid can be used in industrial and agricultural sectors,while high-purity phosphoric acid is essential for pharmaceuticals,food,electronics and other industries.The rising demand for batteries and semiconductors in recent years has led to increased requirements for phosphoric acid purity.There are two main methods for manufacturing phosphoric acid.The thermal method,while effective,is energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly,conflicting with China’s green chemistry development goals.On the other hand,the phosphoric acid process,characterized by lower energy consumption,is more adept at handling China’s low-grade phosphate rock despite resulting in bulk and complex product impurities.Among various purification technologies,such as chemical precipitation,crystallization,electrodialysis,and ion exchange resin,the extraction method stands out.It offers environmental benefits,simple operation,and the capacity for large-scale production,marking it as a promising technique for phosphoric acid purification.This article summarizes in detail the research status of various extraction methods in recent years.It focuses on solvent extraction,aqueous two-phase extraction,reverse micelle extraction,ultrasonic-assisted extraction,and supercritical fluid extraction.It sorts out the solvent extraction method along with various extractants.The research on single extractants such as tri-n-butyl phosphate(TBP),methyl isobutyl ketone(MIBK),and n-octanol(NOA)has been primarily focused on identifying the optimal extraction conditions,including the O/A phase ratio,temperature,and air pressure.However,these single extractants typically target a single impurity,which limits their effectiveness in purifying phosphoric acid when multiple impurities are present.This limitation underscores the significant advantages of composite extra

关 键 词：磷酸 湿法磷酸 萃取 萃取剂 双水相萃取 反胶团萃取 超声协助萃取 超临界流体萃取 

分 类 号：TF791[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]