论卡尔·波普尔“反本质主义”的贫困及其现实批判  

The Discussion about Karl Popper's Poverty of"Anti-Essentialism"and it's Pealistis Critique

作　　者：涂浩然 TU Hao-ran(School of Marxism,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学马克思主义学院,广东广州510641

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第7期26-30,共5页Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:中国共产党与传统文化关系的百年历史考察与经验研究(18ZDA011)。

摘　　要：波普尔提出“反本质主义”,旨在批判马克思的“历史主义决定论”,其思想在一定程度上解构了人们对马克思主义和社会主义的信仰。从论据-论证-论点来看,他对马克思主义的批判是不正确的。其一,波普尔的论据是建立在一种简单的形式逻辑之上,而不是相对高级复杂的辩证逻辑;其二,波普尔的论证未能从个人与社会的辩证关系中把握和解释历史发展的本质;其三,波普尔的论点还停留在问题的表面层次,没有深入问题的根本和源头。此外,我国走向现代化的历史变革及其成果,是批驳波普尔“反本质主义”最好的现实回应,不仅能够证明马克思主义是认识和改造世界的科学方法论,而且有助于我们更加自信,坚定不移走中国式现代化道路。Popper put forward"anti-essentialism"in order to criticize Marx's historic determinism,which deconstructed people's belief in Marxism and socialism to a certain extent.From the point of view of argument-grounds of argument-demonstration,his criti-cism of Marxism is incorrect.First,Popper's argument is based on a simple formal logic rather than a relatively high-level and compli-cated dialectical logic;second,Popper's grounds of argument fails to grasp and explain the essence of historical development from the dialectical relationship between man and society;third,Popper's demonstration remains at the surface level of the problem,not deep into the root and source of the problem.In addition,the historical process and achievements of social revolution in modern and contem-porary China are the best realistic response to criticize Popper's"anti-essentialism",which can not only prove that Marxism is a scien-tific methodology to understand and transform the world,but also help us to be more confident and unswervingly follow the path of Chi-nese path to modernization.

关 键 词：反本质主义 历史决定论 中国式现代化 社会革命 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D616[政治法律—政治学] N03[政治法律—中外政治制度]