公众人物抗辩理论的本土应用  

The Application of Public Figure Defense Theory in a Local Context

作　　者：高勇[1] 李佳宸 GAO Yong;LI Jia-chen(Law School of Harbin University of Commerce,Heilongjiang,Harbin 150028)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨商业大学法学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第7期86-91,共6页Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：公众人物抗辩理论主张,为了平衡人格权保护与言论自由,当发生侵犯公众人物人格权诉争时,如果侵权人主张被侵权人为公众人物即可减免自己的侵权责任。学界普遍认为,《民法典》第九百九十八条的规定实为公众人物抗辩理论在我国法律规范中的具体体现。实际上公众人物抗辩理论早在20世纪90年代就已进入中国,21世纪初就有了应用,但在实践中却存在隐私权边界模糊、公众人物范畴泛化、公共利益的价值判断标准不确定以及脱离了适用于政治人物的主轨道等问题。对上述问题,应确立隐私权保护底线,限缩公众人物抗辩理论的适用范围,重构公众人物隐私侵权案件的证明责任,使该理论更好应用于本土司法实践。The Public Figure Defense Theory advocates for a balance between the right to privacy and freedom of speech,sugges-ting that the mitigation of tort liability is possible when an infringement on a public figure's personal rights is claimed.Widely acknowl-edged by the academic community,Article 998 of the Civil Code is seen as a concrete manifestation of the the Public Figure Defense Theory in Chinese legal standards.Despite its introduction to China in early 1990s and application since 21"century,its practical im-plementation encounters several challenges,which is inclusive of the ambiguity surrounding the boundaries of privacy rights,the over-generalization of the category of public figures,the uncertainty of standards for judging public interest,and a departure from its original application to political figures.To address these issues,it is imperative to establish a clear baseline for privacy protection,narrow the theory's application scope,and revise the burden of proof in cases of privacy infringement involving public figures.Such measures are essential for the theory's effective adaptation and application in local judicial practice.

关 键 词：公众人物 隐私权 真实恶意原则 公众人物抗辩 本土化 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]