教育法典编纂的宪法基础——规范与政策的双重视角考察  

The Constitutional Basis of the Codification of the Educational Code--A Dual Perspective Examination of Norms and Policies

作　　者：李海峰 Li Haifeng(School of Law,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学法学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《学术探索》2024年第8期147-156,共10页Academic Exploration

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(22YJC880028)。

摘　　要：从规范与政策的双重视角出发,教育法典编纂存在四重宪法基础,分别宏观解释缘何需要编纂教育法典、由谁编纂教育法典、如何架构教育法典以及“不完全法典化”能否成立。基于贯彻落实我国“法典化”时代的立法政策导向、统合宪法中复杂“教育”概念及统一厘定复杂教育法律关系的需要,教育法典编纂的必要性能够得到宪法肯定;教育法典应当属于宪法第六十二条第三款中的“其他的基本法律”,参照宪法的规范指示及《民法典》编纂经验,可以得出全国人大是教育法典的编纂主体,全国人大常委会法制工作委员会是草案编纂的牵头主体、教育行政管理部门是重要参与主体的结论;基于宪法“价值导向+三大领域+四种类型+多重阶段”体系模型,可以为如何架构教育法典的总则和分则提供参考;根据宪治秩序下中国特色社会主义法律体系的完整性、科学性要求,可以得出“不完全法典化”路径难以成立的判断,应当采用“基本法典化路径”,以保持教育法典的独立、完整和稳定,排斥法典以外的单行立法。From the dual perspectives of norms,laws and policies,there are four constitutional bases for codification of educational code,which are macro-explanations of why it is necessary to codify education code,who codifies educational code,how to structure educational code and whether“incomplete codification”can be established.Based on the need to implement the legislative policy orientation of the codification era,integrate the complex concept of“education”in the Constitution and determine the complex legal relationship of education,the necessity of codification of educational code can be affirmed by the Constitution.The educational code should belong to the“other basic laws”in the third paragraph of Article 62 of the Constitution.By referring to the normative instructions of the Constitution and the compilation experience of the Civil Code,it can be concluded that the National People's Congress is the main body of the compilation of the educational code,the Legislative Affairs Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the leading body of the compilation of the draft,and the education administrative department is an important participant.Based on the system model of“value orientation+three fields+four types+multiple stages”of the Constitution,it can provide reference for how to structure the general and sub-provisions of the educational code.According to the integrity and scientific requirements of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics under the constitutional rule order,it can be concluded that the path of“incomplete codification”is difficult to establish,and the path of“basic codification”should be adopted to maintain the independence,integrity and stability of the educational code,and exclude separate legislation outside the code.

关 键 词：教育法典 宪法逻辑 法政策学 规范视角 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]