民族共同体的兴衰与世界史  

The Rise and Fall of Nation Communities in World History

作　　者：刘小枫[1,2] LIU Xiao-feng(Renmin University)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院 [2]中国人民大学古典文明研究中心

出　　处：《中华民族共同体研究》2024年第3期5-23,170,共20页Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies

摘　　要：世界史叙述最早见于希腊化时期的史学家,这与马其顿王亚历山大统一泛希腊共同体并征服波斯帝国以及罗马共和国随后取代诸希腊化王国形成多民族共同体相关。由于受到地理视野的限制,当时的世界史家并未涉及中华民族共同体的政治成长。始于十五世纪的地理大发现,让拉丁欧洲的殖民者率先获得了全球地理视野,与此相伴的是欧洲王权国家的世界性争霸,区域大国式的世界史叙述成为显学。进入二十世纪之后,两场世界大战带来世界地缘政治格局大变动,美国取代大英帝国成为世界性大国,世界史的问题意识随之出现更替,阿诺德·汤因比的《历史研究》与威廉·麦克尼尔的《西方的兴起》是最为显著的例子。直到今天,我国史学界仍然面临两种世界史问题意识的选择。The earliest accounts of world history are found in historians from the Hellenistic period,associated with the unification of the Pan-Hellenic community by Macedonian King Alexander,his conquest of the Persian Empire,and the subsequent rise of the Roman Republic replacing the Hellenistic kingdoms,forming a multi-nation community.Due to geographical limitations,the world historians of that time did not cover the political development of the Chinese nation community.The Age of Discovery starting in the 15th century provided European colonizers with a global geographical perspective.Concurrently,this era saw global hegemony struggles among European monarchies,shaping a narrative of regional great powers in world history.In the 20th century,two world wars reshaped global geopolitical dynamics,with the United States replacing the British Empire as a global power.This shift brought new awareness to issues in world history,exemplified by Arnold J.Toynbee's A Study of History and William H.McNeill's The Rise of the West.Today,Chinese historians still face the choice between two conceptions of world history consciousness.

关 键 词：民族共同体 世界史 荷马李 阿诺德·汤因比 威廉·麦克尼尔 

分 类 号：K107[历史地理—历史学] C95[历史地理—世界史]