锂离子电池硅合金负极材料的研究进展  

Research Progress in Silicon Alloy Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

作　　者：曹瑞 王帅[1] 吴沁宇 马子洋 马扬洲 宋广生 Cao Rui;Wang Shuai;Wu Qinyu;Ma Ziyang;Ma Yangzhou;Song Guangsheng(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Ma'anshan 24300,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第6期843-857,共15页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52207246);国家级外国专家引进计划项目(G20190219004);先进金属材料绿色制造与表面技术教育部重点实验室项目(GFST2022ZR02,GFST2021KF01)资助。

摘　　要：锂离子电池(LIBs)作为一种二次可充电电池,由于其平均输出电压高、能量密度大、自放电性低以及无记忆效应等优势而被广泛应用于3C电子产品、商业储能电站以及新能源动力交通工具等领域。目前LIBs中的石墨负极材料已经被开发接近其理论比容量极限(372 mAh·g^(-1)),亟需寻找高容量负极材料。半导体硅(Si)材料由于极高的比容量、合适的脱/嵌锂电位以及丰富的储量等众多优势被认为是当下最有潜力的负极材料之一。但硅负极材料也面临较大的体积膨胀、导电性差等诸多挑战,阻碍了其进一步商业化应用。针对Si负极存在的问题,Si合金负极是通过引入合金化元素来改善Si的导电性并作为缓冲相来抑制Si的体积膨胀,从而实现Si合金负极电化学性能的提升。根据组元数目将Si合金分为二元、三元以及多元体系,综述了其作为LIBs负极方面的研究进展,着重分析Si合金化策略对于电化学性能的影响以及机制研究,总结并展望Si合金负极新材料及未来改性技术,期待加快高能密度锂离子电池Si合金负极的商业化应用。Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),as a type of rechargeable battery,are widely used in the fields such as 3C electronic prod⁃ucts,digital weapons,aerospace,commercial energy storage power stations,and new energy power vehicles due to their high average output voltage,high energy density,low self-discharge,and no memory effect.At present,since graphite anode materials in LIBs have been developed to the theoretical specific capacity limit(372 mAh·g^(-1)),semiconductor Si is considered one of the most promis⁃ing anode materials due to its high specific capacity,suitable lithium removal/insertion potential,and abundant reserves.However,there are two challenges for silicon-based anodes.Firstly,when silicon is lithiated,it forms Li-Si compounds to achieve the effect of lithium storage.Whereas Li-ion cannot be completely removed when delithiation occurs,resulting in the formation of"dead lithium".This not only leads to the generation of irreversible capacity,but also increases the Si volume expansion which causes internal stress and fragmentation.The detachment of active material from the collector results in complete deactivation of the electrode and thus af⁃fects,the electrode cycling life;Secondly,silicon is an intrinsic semiconductor with low conductivity,which makes it difficult to con⁃duct charging and discharging tests at a high current density.Therefore,unmodified silicon anodes generally exhibit poor rate perfor⁃mance.The above two challenges hinder the further commercial application of silicon-based anodes.In order to overcome the abovementioned problems,silicon alloying can improve Si conductivity and result in the formation of second-phase acting as a buffer phase to suppress the volume expansion of silicon.This article divided silicon alloys into binary,ternary and multiple types based on the number of components,and reviewed their research progress as anode materials for LIBs.Emphasis was placed on analyzing the im⁃pact of silicon alloying strategies on electrochemical performance and mechanism rese

关 键 词：锂离子电池(LIBs) Si负极 合金化元素 电化学性能 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]