无负极锂金属电池的挑战与发展  

Challenges and development of anode-free lithium metal battery

作　　者：孙培凇 郭玉香 罗大为 程化 丁志玉 SUN Peisong;GUO Yuxiang;LUO Dawei;CHENG Hua;DING Zhiyu(School of Materials and Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan Liaoning 114051,China;School of Materials and Environmental Engineering,Shenzhen Polytechnic University,Shenzhen Guangdong 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁科技大学材料与冶金学院,辽宁鞍山114051 [2]深圳职业技术大学材料与环境工程学院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《电源技术》2024年第8期1408-1419,共12页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

基　　金：深圳市稳定支持项目(20220811141844002);广东省教育厅科研项目(2021KTSCX278);广东省先进电池材料研究创新团队项目(2022KCXTD055);广东省教育厅科研项目(2023KTSCX319)。

摘　　要：无负极锂金属电池因极高的理论容量、能量密度和低成本的优势成为学术热点。但由于铜箔的疏锂性和金属锂的高活性,导致了锂沉积/剥离不均匀,从而产生锂枝晶和锂消耗过快等诸多问题,限制了实际应用。对无负极锂金属电池的优势、挑战以及解决方案进行了全面梳理,从修饰集流体、构筑稳定固态电解质界面(SEI)膜、引入补锂技术以及优化电解液四个改进策略进行了详细论述,并讨论了负极侧影响金属锂沉积/剥离的机制、正极额外锂源的优势以及电解液对无负极锂金属电池可逆性的影响,总结了四种策略的优缺点和未来的发展方向。Anode-free lithium metal battery has become an academic hotspot due to its high theoretical capacity,energy density and low cost.However,due to the lithium-sparse property of copper foil and the high activity of lithium metal,the lithium deposition/stripping is not uniform,resulting in many problems such as lithium dendrites and excessive lithium consumption,which limits the practical application.In this paper,the advantages,challenges and solutions of anode-free lithium metal batteries were comprehensively reviewed.Four improvement strategies were discussed in detail,including modifying the current collector,constructing a stable solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film,introducing lithium supplementation technology and optimizing the electrolyte.The mechanism of the negative side affecting the deposition/stripping of lithium metal,the advantages of the positive side additional lithium source and the influence of the electrolyte on the reversibility of the anode-free lithium metal battery were discussed.The advantages and disadvantages of the four strategies and the future development direction were summarized.

关 键 词：无负极锂金属电池 负极 集流体 SEI膜 电解液 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]