冲击环境下锂离子电池损伤特征研究  

Study on damage characteristics of lithium-ion batteries under impact environment

作　　者：刘源 苏新瑞 张松 王扬卫[1] 高丽红[1] 马壮[1] 吴宇[1] LIU Yuan;SU Xinrui;ZHANG Song;WANG Yangwei;GAO Lihong;MAZhuang;WU Yu(National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;China Ordnance Industrial Standardization Research Institute,Beijing 100089,China;Science and Technology on Transient Impact Laboratory,No.208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries,Beijing 102202,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学冲击环境材料技术国家级重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国兵器工业标准化研究所,北京100089 [3]中国兵器工业第208研究所瞬态冲击技术重点实验室,北京102202

出　　处：《电源技术》2024年第8期1628-1633,共6页Chinese Journal of Power Sources

基　　金：冲击环境材料技术国家级重点实验室基金(WDZC2022-2);北京理工大学青年教师学术启动计划(XSQD-202210008)。

摘　　要：随着高科技电子设备在战场上的广泛应用,军用锂电池在冲击环境下的安全性尤为重要。然而,在实验室中无法还原真实战场环境中的冲击载荷,目前研究仍局限于模拟仿真,缺乏对枪击载荷作用下电池的损伤失效特征的解析。针对上述问题,通过单体电池枪击实验,研究了高比能锂离子电池在冲击载荷下发生热失控的荷电状态(SOC)阈值。结果表明,50%SOC电池未发生热失控,60%以上SOC的电池均发生了不同程度热失控,80%以上SOC的电池发生了伴随爆燃的剧烈热失控。随后对电池残骸进行分析,50%、60%、70%SOC电池在被子弹击穿后还具有完整的形状,而80%、90%、100%SOC电池被完全破坏。上述研究成果可为军用高比能锂电池在冲击载荷下的安全设计提供参考。With the widespread application of high-tech electronic devices on the battlefield,ensuring the safety of military lithium batteries under impact conditions becomes particularly crucial.Replicating the real battlefield environment's impact loads in the laboratory presents a considerable challenge.Current research is predominantly confined to simulation,lacking a comprehensive analysis of the damage and failure characteristics of batteries under gunshot loads.To address these issues,a study was conducted through individual battery gunshot experiments,aiming to investigate the state of charge(SOC)threshold for thermal runaway in high-energy lithium-ion batteries under impact loads.The results indicate that batteries at 50%SOC do not experience thermal runaway,whereas those with 60%or higher SOC exhibite varying degrees of thermal runaway.Batteries with 80%or higher SOC experienced intense thermal runaway accompanied by violent combustion.Subsequent analysis of battery remnants reveals that batteries with 50%,60%,and 70%SOC retain their complete shapes after being pierced by bullets,while those with 80%,90%,and 100%SOC are completely destroyed.These findings can provide valuable insights for the safety design of military highenergy lithium batteries under impact loads.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 冲击环境 荷电状态 热失控 阈值 

分 类 号：TM912.9[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]