氮肥运筹对小麦籽粒灌浆、花后干物质转运及植株糖含量影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Operation on Grain Filling,Dry Matter Transport after Anthesis and Sugar Content in Wheat Plants

作　　者：刘童 夏文君 彭小爱 卢茂昂 曹磊 张玲 何贤芳[2] 朱玉磊[1] LIU Tong;XIA Wenjun;PENG Xiaoai;LU Maoang;CAO Lei;ZHANG Ling;HE Xianfang;ZHU Yulei(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Institute of Crop Science,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,合肥230001

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第4期771-779,共9页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：安徽省财政农业科技成果转化项目-小麦(大麦)新品种及赤霉病防控技术转化(2022ZH003);安徽省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(340000222426000100009);安徽农业大学稳定与引进人才科研资助研究项目(yj2018-40)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了明确不同氮肥运筹对安徽省长江中下游小麦干物质转运、籽粒灌浆特性、植株糖含量及产量等影响。【方法】以小麦白湖麦1号为试验材料,不同施氮水平和基追比(3个施氮量:180、210、240 kg/hm^(2);3个基追比:5∶1∶4、7∶1∶2、5∶4∶1)对安徽省长江中下游小麦干物质转运、氮肥利用、籽粒灌浆特性以及植株糖含量的影响。【结果】随着施氮量的增加,小麦开花期与成熟期干物质分配量呈上升趋势,而小麦花后干物质转运则呈现先高再低的趋势,以210 kg/hm^(2)的施氮量为最高;相同施氮水平,基追比7∶1∶2(基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥)条件下小麦的干物质积累量、氮肥利用率以及产量为最高。在相同基追比处理下增加施氮量能提高小麦灌浆持续时间与推迟最大灌浆速率出现日,而小麦籽粒干重、理论千粒重以及平均灌浆速率有逐渐降低的趋势。在施氮量一定的条件下,基追比5∶1∶4有利于提高籽粒最大灌浆速率,且将籽粒灌浆速率维持在较高水平,以及较高的籽粒干重。施氮提高了叶片的同化物生产能力,提高叶片可溶性糖和蔗糖的含量。对成熟期茎秆碳水化合物含量的进一步分析,增施氮肥降低了茎秆蔗糖浓度,提高茎秆可溶性总糖含量。【结论】在长江中下游地区,白湖麦1号小麦高产的氮肥施用量应以210 kg/hm^(2)为最佳,而基追比应参考7∶1∶2。【Objective】Our aim is to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer schemes on dry matter transport,grain filling characteristics,plant sugar content and yield of wheat following rice stubble in the middle and lower regions of Yangtze River in Anhui Province.【Method】Baihumai 1 was used as the experimental material.The nitrogen application rates were 180(N1),210(N2),and 240(N3)kg/hm^(2),and the ratio of base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer was 5∶1∶4(R1),7∶1∶2(R2),and 5∶4∶1(R3),respectively.We measured dry matter transport,nitrogen utilization,grain filling characteristics and plant sugar content of wheat following rice stubble in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province.【Result】With the increase of nitrogen application,from 0 to 240 kg/hm^(2),the distribution of dry matter during the flowering and maturity stages of wheat showed an increasing trend,whereas the post-flowering dry matter translocation in wheat exhibited a pat-tern of initially increasing and then decreasing,with 210 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application being the highest.The dry matter accumulation,nitrogen use efficiency and yield of wheat under the same nitrogen applica-tion level were highest at the base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer ratio of 7∶1∶2.Increasing nitrogen application at the same ratio of base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer increased the grain filling duration and delayed the day of maximum grain filling rate,while the grain dry weight,theo-retical 1000-grain weight and average grain filling rate of wheat tended to decrease gradually.Under the same nitrogen application level,the base fertilizer∶tillering fertilizer∶jointing fertilizer ratio of 5∶1∶4 was favorable to increase the maximum grain filling rate and maintain the grain filling rate at a higher level,as well as a high grain dry weight.Nitrogen application increased the assimilate production capacity of leaves and the content of soluble s

关 键 词：小麦 氮肥运筹 干物质积累 籽粒灌浆特性 植株糖代谢 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]