不同牛羊粪替代对燕麦饲草产量和土壤肥力的影响  

Impact of Varying Substitution Rates of Cattle and Sheep Manure on Oat Forage Yield and Soil Fertility

作　　者：张靓 梁小玉[1] 胡远彬[1] 刘亚男 季杨[1] ZHANG Jing;LIANG Xiaoyu;HU Yuanbin;LIU Yanan;JI Yang(Sichuan Animal Science Academy,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省畜牧科学研究院,成都610066

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2024年第4期918-926,共9页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2020YJ0465);四川省肉羊创新团队项目(sccxtd-2023-14)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过不同施肥处理对燕麦产量和土壤肥力的影响研究,探索牛羊粪的合理利用方式及其在燕麦生产中的实际效果。【方法】设置了化肥、牛粪、羊粪单独施用及牛粪、羊粪与化肥混合施用的12种不同的牛羊粪施用水平。对燕麦全株产量、养分吸收量和土壤理化性质进行方差分析和显著性分析。【结果】燕麦产量受施肥处理显著影响,施用化肥显著提高产量,施用羊粪以及羊粪替代化肥用量均能一定程度上提高燕麦产量。不同施肥组合对燕麦的氮、磷、钾吸收量产生了差异性影响。此外,对重金属的累积表明,不同施肥处理对燕麦重金属吸收存在差异性影响关系。对土壤性质的研究表明,施肥处理对土壤pH、全钾和铵态氮产生显著影响。【结论】在所有施肥处理中,羊粪单施、化肥+羊粪混合施用显著促进了燕麦的生长和产量,有效提高了土壤pH和铵态氮含量,羊粪替代可实现保障产量、减少化肥施用的目的。【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the optimal use of cattle and sheep manure in oat production and to evaluate its practical effects on yield and soil fertility.【Method】We established twelve experimental levels involving single applications of chemical fertilizer,cow manure,and sheep manure,as well as mixed applications of cow manure and sheep manure with chemical fertilizer.Variance and signifi-cance analyses were conducted on oat yield,nutrient uptake,and the physical and chemical properties of soil.【Result】Fertilization treatments significantly influenced oat yield.Chemical fertilizer application markedly increased yield,while the use of sheep manure,and its substitution for chemical fertilizer,moderately boosted yield.Different fertilization combinations had varying impacts on the uptake of nitro-gen,phosphorus,and potassium by oats.Additionally,the accumulation of heavy metals showed com-plex relationships affected by the fertilization treatments.Soil property studies indicated that treatments significantly affected soil pH,total potassium,and ammonium nitrogen level.【Conclusion】Among all fertilization treatments,the single application of sheep manure and its combination with chemical fertil-izer significantly enhanced oat growth and production.These treatments also increased soil pH and ammo-nium nitrogen content.Using sheep manure as a substitute for chemical fertilizer is an effective strategy for maintaining crop yields while reducing chemical fertilizer use.

关 键 词：燕麦产量 土壤肥力 有机肥料 牛羊粪 可持续农业 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]