能动性的成功性标准与构成性标准  

The Standards for Success and Constitutive Standards of Agency

作　　者：王淑庆 WANG Shu-qing(Chinese Ethical Civilization Research Institute,Changsha New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Lab for Ethical Governance and Public Policy,Department of Philosophy,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学中华伦理文明研究中心、长沙新一代人工智能伦理治理与公共政策实验室、哲学系,长沙410081

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第7期53-59,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“广义逻辑悖论的历史发展、理论前沿与跨学科应用研究”(18ZDA031)。

摘　　要：主流的能动性解释强调行动成功的情形,它要求行动的结果事态具有可避免性、非碰巧性以及成功性,此即所谓的成功性标准。成功性标准与错误格格不入,但错误却是人类作为行动者难以消除的构成要素。鉴于此,阿玛亚主张能动性要有一种构成性标准,特别是要求能动性解释能够容纳错误的情形。成功性标准与构成性标准分别强调了行动的结果与过程方面,它们对于能动性的理解各有千秋。但从形而上学的角度看,构成性标准兼容能动性的分层论,且支持能动性解释的力因果进路,因而是一种更有前景的能动性进路。The mainstream interpretation of agency emphasizes success cases and requires that the results of action be avoidable,non-accidental and successful,which is the so-called standards for success.The standards for success is incompatible with mistake,which is an indispensable aspect of being a human being as an agent.In view of this,Amaya argues for a constitutive standards of agency,which requires,in particular,that human action be tolerant of mistakes.The standards for success and the constitutive standards emphasize the outcome and process aspects of action,respectively,and they have different understandings of agency.However,from the metaphysical point of view,the constitutive standards is more compatible with the hierarchical theory of agency,and supports the power causal approach of agency interpretation,so it is a more prospect approach.

关 键 词：能动性 成功性标准 构成性标准 错误 力因果 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]