出土简帛中的祭祷告语类文献探赜——兼论祭祷文献的档案价值  

Exploration of Sacrificial Prayer Archives of Unearthed Bamboo and Silk Documents:On the Archival Value of Prayer Documents

作　　者：魏红玲 WEI Hongling(School of Literature,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学文学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中国石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期111-117,共7页Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Social Sciences)

摘　　要：今见简帛中的祭祷类文献按照文本的书写类型分为记录类和告语类。告语类专指祭祀时祈祷之语辞,是由人及神的沟通语辞。祭祷告语类文献集中于楚地,祭祷之事有病瘳、出行顺利、丰收等。祭祷告语为祭祷之产物,强调祈祷与供献,与传统的祭祀习惯、巫风兴盛的社会背景、礼制与文辞互相成全的创作习惯有关。祭祷告语书写模式稳固,或整体皆为告语,或于正式的告语之前交代祭祷背景;所祷之语辞内容固定,往往交代所祷神灵、所祷之事与所献之礼。祭祷告语满足不同人群的祈神要求,书写态度灵活多变:官方祭祷严肃立诚,格局深远;非官方祭祷生活性更强,语辞简练活泼。祭祷文献作为一种档案随墓主人下葬,其价值在于为后人提供文本依据、提供通用的告语文本、反映时人的祭祷信仰。According to the type of writing,the sacrificial and prayer documents in the ancient texts on bamboo and silk is divided into records and messages.The message category refers to the words of prayer during sacrifices,which are the words of communication between man and the Supernatural,and the literature of sacrificial prayers indicate prayers for convalescence from illnesses,smooth travels,and good harvests,mainly in the Chu region.The sacrificial prayers are the products of sacrifices and prayers,emphasizing prayers and offerings,which are related to the traditional sacrificial habits,the social background of the flourishing of witchery,and the creative habits of the mutual fulfillment of the ritual system and the literature.The sacrificial prayers is characterized with a stable writing pattern either as a whole message or as a presentation of the sacrificial background and with fixed content of the prayed deities,the prayed things and the sacrifices offered.Ritual prayers meet the requirements of different prays in a flexible and variable writing manner,for the official ritual prayers are serious,sincere and far-reaching pattern while the unofficial ones are more oral,concise and lively.As a kind of archives sealed or buried with the tomb owner,the value of the prayer documents lies in the fact that they may provide texts and messages for the descendants and reflect the prayer beliefs of that specific time period.

关 键 词：出土简帛 祭祷 告语 档案 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] I207.7[历史地理—历史学]