从墓葬用钺方式看环太湖地区史前社会变迁  

Changes in Prehistory Societies Around Taihu Lake Region from the Perspective of the Use of Yue in Burials

作　　者：赵肖楠 Zhao Xiaonan

机构地区：[1]吉林大学考古学院

出　　处：《北方文物》2024年第4期40-48,共9页Northern Cultural Relics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“边疆考古与中华早期文明研究”(项目批准号:2022JZDZ024)成果。

摘　　要：史前环太湖地区一直流行着随葬钺、锛、凿等石制工具的丧葬传统,受凌家滩遗址的两波影响,钺从一般石制工具类随葬品中脱颖而出,成为墓主人身份等级的象征,继而作为良渚社会最重要的礼器之一,在良渚文化早期晚段形成以墓葬用钺制度为代表的统一政治认同。该项制度蕴含着划等级、别亲疏的含义,成为良渚礼制的重要组成部分。到良渚文化晚期,随着太湖北部、东部诸遗址对良渚古城地区墓葬用钺规格的僭越,良渚古城核心地位丧失。至良渚文化末期,墓葬用钺制度的瓦解标志着整个环太湖地区社会的崩溃。透过墓葬用钺方式的变化历程,可把握史前社会的发展脉络。The prehistoric Taihu Lake region consistently practiced a burial tradition of including stone tools such as Yue battle-axes,adzes and chisels.Influenced by two waves from the Lingjiatan site,the Yue battle-axe emerged from among these general stone tool burial goods to become a symbol of tomb owner's social status.Subsequently,it evolved into one of the most important ritual objects in the Liangzhu society.During the late early period of the Liangzhu culture,a unified political identity was formed,represented by the burial system that included the use of Yue battle-axes.This system implied distinctions of rank and intimacy,becoming a crucial component of the Liangzhu ritual system.By the late Liangzhu culture,the usurpation of the burial Yue specifications by various sites in the northern and eastern Taihu areas led to the loss of the core status of the Liangzhu ancient city.By the end of Liangzhu culture,the disintegration of the burial Yue system marked the collapse of entire Taihu Lake region's society.Through the changing patterns of Yue usage in burials,the development trajectory of prehistoric society can be discerned.

关 键 词：环太湖地区 史前 玉石钺 用钺方式 

分 类 号：K841.13[历史地理—历史学]