2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷流行病学特征分析  

Dynamic changes of incidence of neural tube defects,Chongqing,2007-2022

作　　者：李精华 冯苗 张杰 刘俊 LI Jing-hua;FENG Miao;ZHANG Jie;LIU Jun(Chongqing Kaizhou Maternal and Child Health Center,Chongqing 401120,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]重庆市开州区妇幼保健院,重庆401120 [2]重庆市人口和计划生育科学技术研究院/重庆市出生缺陷防治管理中心/国家卫建委出生缺陷和生殖健康重点实验室

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第16期2903-2910,共8页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市科卫联合项目(2023MSXM024);重庆市卫健委科研项目(2020FY103)。

摘　　要：目的了解2007—2022年重庆市神经管缺陷的流行病学特征,为其综合防控提供依据。方法将2007年1月至2022年12月重庆市所有出生缺陷监测机构的监测活产儿作为研究对象,分别按年份、围产儿性别、产妇常住地(城/乡)、产妇年龄、不同地域等类别分组进行神经管缺陷发生率计算并比较其差异,并通过线性趋势检验,Joinpoint回归模型分析变化趋势。结果2007—2022年,重庆市共监测围产儿1316934例,发现神经管缺陷患儿185例,神经管缺陷总发生率为1.40万(0.43~4.49/万),无脑畸形、脊柱裂、脑膨出总发生率分别为0.36/万(0.00~1.45/万)、0.81/万(0.39~2.42/万)和0.26/万(0.00~2.45/万)。农村总发生率高于城镇(χ^(2)=11.38,P<0.001)。不同年龄母亲的总发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=81.71,P<0.001)。2007—2022年重庆市各类神经管缺陷发生率均呈下降趋势,总体降幅为84.64%,2007—2019年平缓下降(APC=-10.85)、2019—2022年快速下降(APC=-31.20)。城镇下降幅度小于农村。结论2007—2022年重庆市不同类型神经管缺陷发生率均呈下降趋势,需继续巩固叶酸项目对神经管缺陷的预防效果。Objective To understand the prevalence and trend incidence of neural tube defects(NTDs)in Chongqing from 2007 to 2022,and to provide evidence for comprehensive prevention and control measures.Methods Based on hospital monitoring data,185 children with NTDs monitored by all birth defects monitoring institutions in Chongqing City from January 2007 to December 2022 were included in the study.They were grouped by year,perinatal gender,maternal permanent residence(urban/rural),maternal age,different regions,and other categories.Chisquare test was used to analyze the differences in the incidence of severe multiple disabling birth defects in different categories,and linear trend test and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the change trend.Results From 2007 to 2022,a total of 1316934 perinatal births and 185 NTDs were monitored in Chonging,with an incidence of 1.40/10,000,it was 0.36/10000(0.00/10000-2.45/10000),0.81/10000(0.39/10000-2.42/10000)and 0.26/10000(0.00/10000-2.45/10000)for anencephaly,spina bifidaand encephalocele respectively.The incidence in rural areas was higher than in urban areas(=11.38,P<0.001).The total incidence of mothers of different age was statistical(χ^(2)=81.71,P<0.001).The annual incidence of NTDs decreased by 84.64%from 2.93/10,000 to 0.45/10,000 during this period.There was a gentle decline from 2007 to 2019(APC=-10.85)and a rapid decline from 2019 to 2022(APC=-31.20).ConclusionAAnnual incidence of NTDs in Chongqing was decreasing over the year.NTDs is prevalent at a low level in Chongqing.

关 键 词：神经管缺陷 发生率 流行特征 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]