哈尔滨市不同慢性病患病情况下老年人孤独感及影响因素分析  

Analysis of loneliness and influencing factors of elderly under different chronic diseases,Harbin

作　　者：章雨婷 温红娟 温扩 贺沙沙 巩阳 ZHANG Yu-ting;WEN Hong-juan;WEN Kuo;HE Sha-sha;GONG Yang(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,Jilin 130117,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]长春中医药大学中医学院,吉林长春130117 [2]长春中医药大学健康管理学院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第16期3062-3067,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：吉林省中医药管理局项目(zyzc-zy-2021-016);长春中医药大学研究生培养创新示范项目(2021KC20)。

摘　　要：目的分析哈尔滨市不同慢性病患病情况下老年人孤独感现状及影响因素,并针对性提出解决措施。方法采用方便抽样法,选取哈尔滨市五个社区进行体检的老年人进行问卷调查。结果未患慢性病、患单一慢性病及患多重慢性病老年人的孤独感平均得分分别是(42.83±9.08)分、(44.46±9.14)分、(46.21±8.66)分。年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入、居住状况、社会支持、死亡焦虑是影响三类老年人孤独感的共同因素(P<0.05)。患多重慢性病的老年人方面,离退休前职业为公务员(95%CI:-11.515~-3.602)、企/事业单位员工(95%CI:-6.117~-2.443)及农民(95%CI:-7.485~-0.909)的老年人孤独感更低(P<0.05)。结论患慢性病老年人孤独感较高,需要加强对其心理健康的重视。应通过提高社会支持水平、降低死亡焦虑、健全社会福利与就医政策,减轻经济负担,改善家庭关系来降低其孤独感水平。Objective To show that the current situation and influencing factors of loneliness in the elderly under different chronic diseases,and propose targeted solutions.Methods This survey adopted the convenience sampling method,selecting elderly people from five communities in Harbin for physical examinations and distributing questionnaires to conduct statistical analysis of the survey data.Results The loneliness scores of the elderly without chronic diseases,single chronic diseases and multiple chronic diseases were(42.83±9.08),(44.46±9.14)and(46.21±8.66),respectively.Age,education level,marital status,per capita monthly income of households,residence status,social support,and death anxiety were the common factors affecting loneliness in the three types of elderly(P<0.05).In terms of elderly people with multiple chronic diseases,those who worked as civil servants(95%CI:-11.515--3.602),employees of enterprises/institutions(95%CI:-6.117--2.443),and farmers(95%Cl:-7.485--0.909)before retirement had lower levels of loneliness(P<0.05).Conclusion Elderly people with chronic diseases have a higher sense of loneliness and need to pay more attention to their mental health.It is necessary to reduce the level of loneliness by improving the level of social support,reducing death anxiety,improving social welfare and medical policies,reducing the financial burden,and improving family relations.

关 键 词：老年人 慢性病 孤独感 社会支持 死亡焦虑 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]