施工危险无意盲视现象的发生规律与机理——基于启动效应的影响  

The Occurrence Law and Mechanism of Inattentional Blindness in Construction Hazards:Based on the Influence of Priming Effect

作　　者：韩豫[1,2] 裴中玉 HAN Yu;PEI Zhongyu(Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Academy of Emergency Management,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学土木工程与力学学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]江苏大学应急管理学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《工程管理学报》2024年第4期141-146,共6页Journal of Engineering Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72071097);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(20YJAZH034);江苏大学应急管理学院专项科研项目(KY-B-10)。

摘　　要：为减少由危险无意盲视导致的施工安全事故,基于注意资源、信息加工等理论,采用眼动试验方法,探索场景伤害暴露程度、任务性质(有无安全提示)差异导致的危险无意盲视的发生规律。利用首次进入时间、注视时间等反映对危险刺激的注意反应绩效,进而分析施工情境中危险目标启动信息加工的两种情况。结果表明:施工情境中的当事人受自我认知加工机制影响进行阈上加工,对场景中的高伤害暴露目标最先投入注意资源。施工场景对应的任务提示带来的短时记忆引起的期望可弥补施工从业人员认知加工不足的影响,从而降低盲视的发生率。针对施工从业人员的注意特性进行调控可加强其对危险目标的选择性加工从而减少盲视的发生。To reduce construction accidents caused by dangerous inattentional blindness,based on theories such as attentional resources and information processing,eye movement tests are used to explore the occurrence patterns of dangerous inattentional blindness caused by differences in scene injury exposure level and task nature(with or without safety prompts).Using first entry time,gaze time,and other factors to reflect the attentional response performance to hazardous stimuli,and then analyzing the two situations of hazardous target initiation information processing in construction situations.The results indicated that in the construction context,individuals processed implicit factors like construction experience beyond the threshold.They showed low safety adaptability and awareness after focusing on high injury exposure targets,leading to a higher incidence of blindness in these scenarios.Short-term memory induced by task prompts corresponding to construction scenarios can mitigate the influence of construction experience on workers,reducing the incidence of blindness.Enhancing the attention characteristics of construction workers can improve their selective processing of hazardous targets,thereby reducing the occurrence of blindness.

关 键 词：施工安全 无意盲视 注意资源 启动效应 眼动 

分 类 号：TU714[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]