模拟大气CO_(2)浓度升高与氮添加对宁夏枸杞生长及光合特性的影响  

Effects of elevated CO_(2)concentration and nitrogen addition in simulated atmosphere on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Lycium barbarum

作　　者：马冲 陆晖 李运毛 曹兵[1] 朱金忠 亢彦东 MA Chong;LU Hui;LI Yunmao;CAO Bing;ZHU Jinzhong;KANG Yandong(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Qixin Professional Cooperative of Goji Seedling in Zhongning,Zhongning 755100,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏中宁县杞鑫枸杞苗木专业合作社,宁夏中宁755100

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期209-218,共10页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：宁夏中宁县枸杞产业专项基金项目(20211201);国家自然科学基金项目(32160393,31660199)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究大气CO_(2)浓度升高与氮添加对宁夏枸杞生长发育特性、光合特性及产量的影响,为更好发掘宁夏枸杞的生产潜力及适应性栽培提供理论参考。【方法】以1年生‘宁杞1号’扦插苗为试验材料,采用开顶气室控制系统设置自然环境CO_(2)浓度[T1,(380±20)μmol/mol)]和升高CO_(2)浓度[T2,(760±20)μmol/mol],设置3个氮添加水平(以每kg土壤施加高氮水溶肥量计)N0(0 g/kg)、N1(0.8 g/kg)和N2(1.6 g/kg),共计6个处理。分别于处理45、60、75、90 d测定‘宁杞1号’株型、光合指标、日均净光合速率及单株产量。【结果】随着CO_(2)与氮素复合处理时间的延长,‘宁杞1号’苗地径、新梢长度和粗度、叶片气孔导度呈增加趋势,气孔限制值呈降低趋势,叶绿素含量呈先升后降再升模式。T2N1处理各时期新梢长度、粗度及叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度较高。T2处理60、75、90 d‘宁杞1号’的净光合速率均显著高于T1处理,其中T2N1处理下‘宁杞1号’净光合速率同比增长87.72%、68.33%、67.56%(P<0.01);CO_(2)浓度升高条件下,N1处理45、60、75、90 d时‘宁杞1号’的蒸腾速率均显著上升(P<0.05),但N2处理45、60 d时‘宁杞1号’的蒸腾速率均显著降低(P<0.05),分别为2.84、2.41 mmol/(m2·s)(P<0.05),N0处理75、90 d时‘宁杞1号’气孔导度显著升高(P<0.05),N1处理75、90 d时‘宁杞1号’的水分利用率显著增加(P<0.05),分别为10.68、9.34 g/kg,但气孔限制值处于较低水平。CO_(2)浓度升高条件下氮素添加降低了气孔限制值与新梢长度、粗度、叶绿素含量及枸杞单株产量的相关性,提高了蒸腾速率、净光合速率、水分利用效率与新梢长度、粗度等株型指标及枸杞单株产量的相关性;根据日均净光合速率模型,CO_(2)浓度升高条件下,‘宁杞1号’理论最佳施氮量为0.875 g/kg(土壤),此时‘宁杞1号’单株产量略高于T1N1处理。【结论】CO_(2)浓度升高条件下,N【Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of various nitrogen treatments on the growth,photosynthesis,and yield of Lycium barbarum under elevated atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations.The objective is to optimize the production and adaptive cultivation of L.barbarum.【Method】One-year-old cuttings of L.barbarum‘Ningqi-1’were used as experimental material.Two CO_(2)concentrations were tested:ambient(T1,(380±20)μmol/mol)and elevated(T2,(760±20)μmol/mol),using an open-top chamber control system.Additionally,three nitrogen levels were applied per kilogram of soil:0 g/kg(N0),0.8 g/kg(N1)and 1.6 g/kg(N2).Measurements of plant morphology,photosynthetic indices,daily net photosynthetic rates,and yield were taken at 45,60,75 and 90 days.【Result】Over time,the combination of elevated CO_(2)and nitrogen treatments enhanced the stem diameter,shoot length,thickness,and stomatal conductance of‘Ningqi-1’,while inhibited the stomatal limit.The chlorophyll content initially increased,then decreased,and later increased again.The T2N1 treatment performs the best during each assessment period.The net photosynthetic rate of“Ningqi-1”treated with T2 for 60,75 and 90 days was significantly higher than that of T1,with increases of 87.72%,68.33%and 67.56%,respectively,reaching rates of 25.24,28.33,and 28.25μmol/(m2·s),respectively(P<0.01).With elevated CO_(2)levels,the transpiration rate of“Ningqi-1”significantly increased during the N1 treatment across 45,60,75,90 days but significantly decreased during the N2 treatment at 45 and 60 days,recording 2.84 and 2.41 mmol/(m2·s),respectively.Additionally,stomatal conductance of“Ningqi-1”significantly increased from 75 to 90 days(P<0.05).Water use efficiency significantly increased from 75 to 90 days post-N1 treatment,reaching 10.68 and 9.34 g/kg,while the stomatal limit remained low.Increasing CO_(2)concentrations reduced the correlation among stomatal limitation and variables such as shoot length,thickness,chlorophyll content,and yield per plant.Con

关 键 词：宁夏枸杞‘宁杞1号’ 夏果期 氮添加 CO_(2)浓度升高 光合特性 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]