极端降雨条件下淤地坝系溃决损失计算方法  

A loss evaluation method for overtopping-induced failure of clustered check dams under extreme rainfall conditions

作　　者：周恒[1] 陈永胜 曹永翔[1,5] 于沭 夏朝辉[1] 岳凡 ZHOU Heng;CHEN Yongsheng;CAO Yongxiang;YU Shu;XIA Zhaohui;YUE Fan(Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,710065,Xi′an,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,100048,Beijing,China;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),100083,Beijing,China;Fujian Communications Planning&Design Institute Co.Ltd.,350004,Fuzhou,China;Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration,710065,Xi′an,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安710065 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 [3]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083 [4]福建省交通规划设计院有限公司,福州350004 [5]陕西省“四主体一联合”河湖生态系统保护与修复校企联合研究中心,西安710065

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2024年第4期14-24,共11页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“黄河中游多沙粗沙区拦沙与综合治理研究:基础理论,创新技术与生态效应”(42330719);水利部重大科技项目“黄土高原淤地坝高质量建设和发展关键技术研究”(SKR-2022049);中国电力建设股份有限公司科技项目“新时期高质量淤地坝建设运用技术及示范研究”(DJ-ZDX M-2021-51)。

摘　　要：近年来,由于自身“服役”状态欠佳和汛期极端降雨天气频发,淤地坝在发挥综合效益的同时面临着溃决风险。这对下游人民生命财产和生态环境保护造成极大威胁。因此,亟需提出极端降雨条件下淤地坝系溃决损失的定量计算方法。基于“家谱法”坝系溃决风险分析程序FT-IWHR、溃口流量程序DB-IWHR、一维洪水演进计算程序,提出淤地坝系溃决—洪水演进全过程计算方法,结合李—周法生命损失计算模型等,构建涵盖生命损失、经济损失、社会环境影响3方面的溃决损失计算方法体系;并在西五色浪流域淤地坝系进行应用。结果表明:警报时间对生命损失数量影响极大,充分警报和无警报下生命损失数量相差10倍左右且降雨量超过100年一遇后损失激增,坝系以中小型淤地坝溃决为主。溃决损失计算方法可实现对淤地坝系溃决损失进行快速量化评估,为淤地坝系安全度汛和病险坝除险加固工作提供技术支撑,同时建议西五色浪流域做好中小型淤地坝的溃决风险防控工作。[Background]In recent years,due to the poor service condition and frequent extreme rainfall weather during flood season,the check dams are in the risk of breach while bringing comprehensive benefits,which causes a great threat to the life and property of downstream people and the protection of the ecological environment.Therefore,it is urgent to propose a quantitative calculation method for the loss from check dam system breach under extreme rainfall conditions.[Methods]This study was based on the F T-IWHR program for the risk analysis of dam system failure using the“Genealogy Method”,the DB-IWHR program for dam breach flow calculation,and the one-dimensional flood routing calculation program.It proposed a comprehensive calculation method for the entire process of check dam system failure and subsequent flood routing.By integrating the Li-Zhou method for estimating life loss,it constructed a calculation methodology for assessing the impact of dam breach that encompasses life loss,economic loss,and social-environmental impact.[Results]Based on the calculating method system proposed in this study,an application study was carried out on the check dam system in Xiwuselang basin.The results show that the warning time has a great impact on the number of life loss.Under full warning and no warning,the number of life loss is about 10 times different,and the loss increases sharply after the rainfall exceeds 100-year return period.This dam system is mainly breached by small and medium-sized check dam.[Conclusions]The proposed calculation method for breach loss can achieve rapid quantitative evaluation of the loss from check dam system breach,and provide technical support for the safe operation of check dams and reinforcement of dangerous dams.It is suggested that the Xiwuselang basin should do a good work in preventing and controlling the risk of small-and medium-sized check dam breach.

关 键 词：淤地坝 溃决 生命损失 经济损失 社会环境影响 

分 类 号：TV122.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]