植物根系对鄂尔多斯矿区排土场边坡产流产沙特征的影响  

Effects of plant root systems on runoff and sediment yield characteristics of dump slopes in the Erdos mining area

作　　者：芦杰丰 赵庆 李瑞栋 王文龙[3,4] 娄义宝 LU Jiefeng;ZHAO Qing;LI Ruidong;WANG Wenlong;LOU Yibao(East China Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd.of China Power Engineering Consulting Group,200001,Shanghai,China;Shanghai Greenment Environmental Information Technology Co.,Ltd.,200030,Shanghai,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau,College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation),Northwest A&F University,712100,Yangling,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,712100,Yangling,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电力工程顾问集团华东电力设计院有限公司,上海200001 [2]上海绿然环境信息技术有限公司,上海200030 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所)黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2024年第4期109-118,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“黄土塬植被对沟头溯源侵蚀过程中水力—重力作用的影响机制”(42077079);国家电网公司总部科技项目“山丘区架空输电线路工程水土保持施工关键技术研究”(8100-202019156 A-0-0-00)。

摘　　要：为探讨鄂尔多斯矿区排土场边坡不同植物根系对产流产沙特征的影响,采用原位放水冲刷试验研究不同植物根系(须根系、直根系、须根系—直根系混合)排土场边坡面的细沟侵蚀水动力学特征和产流产沙特征。结果表明:1)冲刷过程中不同植物根系小区的径流流速、阻力系数、径流剪切力和径流功率呈现不同的变化趋势,须根系和直根系均使坡面径流流速、径流剪切力和径流功率降低,须根系使阻力系数增大,直根系则相反。2)须根系小区的平均产流率最小;不同植物根系均使坡面产沙率降低,各小区平均产沙率减少51.28%~69.40%。3)根系有效降低土壤剥蚀率,须根系小区的最大减蚀率达71.1%。4)各小区临界径流剪切力和临界径流功率分别为0.04~1.28 N/(m·s)和0.02~0.25 Pa,2组临界值从大到小排序均为须根系小区、直根系—须根系混合小区、直根系小区和裸地小区。研究结果可为该区排土场边坡水土流失防治提供依据。[Background]Planting Elymus dahuricus and Artemisia ordosica plays an important role in controlling soil erosion on dump slopes in open-pit mining area.However,the influence of root systems of E.dahuricus and A.ordosica,as well as their mixed root systems,on the runoff and sediment yield characteristics of rill erosion on dump slopes in the Erdos mining area is still unclear.[Methods]The field simulated scouring experiment was conducted to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of rill erosion and characteristics of runoff and sediment yield on the dump slope with different plant root types(fibrous root system of E.dahuricus,tap root system of A.ordosica,mixed root systems of E.dahuricus and A.ordosica).[Results]The runoff velocity,drag coefficient,runoff shear force and runoff power of different plant root types on dump slopes showed different change trends with runoff scouring time.The fibrous root system of E.dahuricus and the tap root system of A.ordosica both reduced the runoff velocity,runoff shear force and runoff power,while the two plants had different effects on the drag coefficient.Specifically,the fibrous root system of E.dahuricus increased the drag coefficient on dump slopes,while the tap root system of A.ordosica is the opposite.The average runoff yield rate reached its minimum value on the test plot of the fibrous root system of E.dahuricus.The sediment yield rates of the test plots of different plant root types decreased compared with the CK,and the average sediment yield rate had decreased by 51.28%to 69.40%.The presence of the three plant root systems effectively reduced the soil detachment rate on dump slope,among which the maximum erosion reduction rate of the fibrous root system of E.dahuricus was as high as 71.1%.The critical runoff shear force and critical runoff power of the test plots of three plant root types were 0.04-1.28 N/(m·s)and 0.02-0.25 Pa,respectively,and the two critical values were ranked from largest to smallest in the fibrous root system plot,mixed root system of fibrous r

关 键 词：产流产沙 根系类型 排土场边坡 露天采矿区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]