空间模拟条件下先锋生物地衣生存力研究  

Survivability of pioneer organism lichens under space simulation conditions

作　　者：惠继任 许雯 张婷婷 杨秋霞 席振华 魏鑫丽[1] HUI Jiren;XU Wen;ZHANG Tingting;YANG Qiuxia;XI Zhenhua;WEI Xinli(State Key Laboratory of Mycology,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Life Sciences,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,Yunnan,China;School of Life Sciences,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,Hebei,China;State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650091 [3]河北大学生命科学学院,河北保定071002 [4]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《菌物学报》2024年第8期96-107,共12页Mycosystema

基　　金：中国载人航天工程空间应用系统项目(KJZ-YY-WSM05)。

摘　　要：地衣是通过菌藻互惠共生实现生命自我维持的陆地先锋生物,对低温、干旱和强辐射等不良环境具有强抗逆性。为评估地衣在空间条件下的生存力,通过荧光染色法,对12份高山和荒漠来源的天然地衣体及4份共生菌藻培养物,经低温、干燥、辐射3类空间模拟条件处理后比较其存活率。研究发现,同一地衣对不同处理条件、不同地衣对相同处理条件的耐受力均不同。不同处理条件下,天然地衣体中的共生菌活性存在不同程度的损伤,但总体对各种条件均具有一定程度的耐受性;共生菌藻培养物受损伤程度相比天然地衣体大,对紫外和低温处理的耐受性高于对干燥和重离子辐射的耐受性。本研究方法可用于评估地衣在空间环境下的生存力,为选用适宜地衣物种作为空间探测时宜居环境的监测和指示生物,以及未来利用地衣作为地外宜居环境改造的先锋生物等奠定初步基础。Lichens are self-sustainable pioneer organism survived through mutualistic symbiosis of fungi and algae in the terrestrial ecosystem,which have strong stress tolerance to low temperature,drought,and heavy ion radiation,etc.The survivability of twelve lichen thallus samples originally collected from mountains and deserts and four lichen cultures is evaluated by using fluorescence staining method under space simulation treatment conditions including low temperature,drought and radiation.The results show that the same lichen has different tolerance ability to different treatment conditions,and different species under the same treatment condition show different tolerance ability.Under different treatment conditions,both mycobiont and photobiont in the lichen thallus are damaged more or less,however,mycobiont exhibit a certain degree of tolerance to all the simulation conditions in general.Compared with natural lichen thallus,cultures are much damaged,and they have higher tolerance to ultraviolet radiation and lower temperature than to drought and heavy ion radiation.The methods in this research can be used to evaluate the survival potential of lichens under space simulation conditions during space exploration in the near future.

关 键 词：先锋生物 地衣 空间环境模拟 生存力 

分 类 号：Q949.34[生物学—植物学]