基于鲨鱼背鳍仿生设计的离心泵流致噪声特性研究  

Research on Flow Induced Noise Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump Based on Biomimetic Design of Shark Backfin

作　　者：成涛 符杰[1] 金永鑫[1] 潘笑宇 杨泷 Cheng Tao;Fu Jie;Jin Yongxin;Pan Xiaoyu;Yang Long(Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery,Ministry of Education,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039,China)

机构地区：[1]西华大学流体及动力机械教育部重点实验室,成都610039

出　　处：《水动力学研究与进展（A辑）》2024年第3期404-413,共10页Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52009115);中央引导地方科技发展资金面上项目(2021ZYD0038);水利部数字孪生流域重点实验室开放基金(Z0202042022)。

摘　　要：为改善离心泵的噪声特性,该文基于鲨鱼背鳍的特殊结构设计了一种仿生叶片,并在三种流量工况下对仿生泵和原型泵的流场和声场进行数值模拟,以验证离心泵结构改进后的降噪效果。计算结果表明:仿生叶片对泵的外特性无明显影响,但可通过降低隔舌处的湍流脉动强度、缩小及控制流场中的涡结构尺度和分布范围以及抑制因动静干涉引起的剧烈压力脉动等因素的共同作用,降低离心泵内的噪声源强度,达到降噪目的;在三种流量工况下,压力脉动和声压级的特征频率均为叶频及其低阶倍频;在设计工况及大流量工况下,仿生叶片有效地抑制了隔舌处的压力脉动及总声压级,设计流量工况下的最大降噪可达6.72 dB;在小流量工况下,因内部流动复杂,仿生叶片对其无抑制作用。To improve the noise characteristics of centrifugal pumps,a biomimetic blade is designed based on the special structure of shark dorsal fins in this paper.the flow and sound fields of the biomimetic pump and prototype pump under 3 flow conditions are numerically simulated to verify the noise reduction effect of the improved structure.The calculation results show that the biomimetic blades have no significant impact on the external characteristics of the pump.By reducing the turbulence pulsation intensity at the volute tongue,reducing and controlling the scale and distribution range of vortex structures in the flow field,and suppressing the severe pressure pulsation caused by rotor-stator interaction,the combined effect of these factors can reduce the intensity of the noise source inside the centrifugal pump to achieve the goal of noise reduction.The characteristic frequencies of pressure pulsation and sound pressure level for all 3 flow conditions are the blade passing frequency and its low-order multiplier frequency.In both design and high flow conditions,the bionic blade suppresses the pressure pulsation and the total sound pressure level at the volute tongue,and the maximum noise reduction is up to 6.72 dB in design flow conditions.The bionic blade has no suppression effect on its pressure pulsation and total sound pressure level due to the complex internal flow at low flow conditions.

关 键 词：离心泵 数值模拟 仿生叶片 压力脉动 声压级 降噪分析 

分 类 号：TU476[建筑科学—结构工程]