神经元特异性烯醇化酶在脑部疾病中的研究进展  

Advance of neuron-specific enolase in brain diseases

作　　者：丁宇敏 王海玉(综述) 李德红(审校)[2] DING Yumin;WANG Haiyu;LI Dehong(School of Public Health,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,Gansu Provincial Hospital,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省人民医院检验科,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《检验医学与临床》2024年第17期2612-2616,共5页Laboratory Medicine and Clinic

基　　金：甘肃省兰州市城关区科技计划项目(2021SHFZ0002)。

摘　　要：随着人口老龄化、意外事故和生活方式改变等因素的影响,脑部疾病的发病率逐年升高。由于数字减影血管造影(DSA)和磁共振成像(MRI)等检查方法分别存在有创性和清晰度不高等问题,无法满足临床早检查、早发现、早治疗的需求。神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)作为一种参与细胞内能量代谢的糖酵解酶,对神经元具有营养和保护作用,可调控神经元的分化、存活和轴突再生等细胞生长进程。当脑部发生感染、缺血缺氧、炎症、变性和癌变等病理改变时,血清和脑脊液中NSE水平呈现不同程度升高,并与多种脑部疾病的发展和转归密切相关,NSE在脑部疾病的早期诊断、病情评估和预后判断方面具有重要意义。血清和脑脊液NSE受标本储存和检测方法的影响,检测结果可能存在偏差。但随着NSE标本处理程序标准化的不断提升、NSE与其他指标联合检测策略的不断优化,NSE诊断脑部疾病的灵敏度、特异度和准确度将得到有效提高,在脑部疾病中的应用也将更加广泛。With the influence of factors such as aging population,accidents and lifestyle changes,the incidence of brain diseases is increasing year by year.Due to the invasive nature and low clarity of examination methods like digital subtraction angiography(DSA)and Magnetic resonance Imaging(MRI),they fail to meet the clinical needs for early detection,diagnosis and treatment.Neuron-specific enolase(NSE)as an enzyme involved in cellular energy metabolism,plays a nutritional and protective role in neurons while regulating cell growth processes such as differentiation,survival,and axon regeneration.When pathological changes occur in the brain due to infection,ischemia-hypoxia,inflammation,degeneration or malignancy.Serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of NSE show varying degrees of elevation which are closely related to the development and prognosis of various brain diseases.NSE holds significant importance in early diagnosis,assessment and prognosis of brain diseases.However,the accuracy of NSE test results may be affected by storage conditions and testing methods for serum or cerebrospinal fluid samples.Nevertheless,the continuous improvement in standardizing NSE sample handling procedures along with optimization strategies involving combined testing with other indicators will effectively enhance the sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of NSE diagnosing for brain diseases,resulting in its wider application in brain diseases.

关 键 词：神经元特异性烯醇化酶 脑部疾病 生物标志物 病情评估 预后判断 

分 类 号：R446.9[医药卫生—诊断学]