柴油发动机尾气后处理技术在铁路内燃机车的应用研究  

Research on the Application of Diesel Engine Exhaust Aftertreatment Technologyin Railway Diesel Locomotives

作　　者：王晓斌 WANG Xiaobin(Energy Saving&Environmental Protection&Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司节能环保劳卫研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁路节能环保与安全卫生》2024年第4期10-17,共8页Railway Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研开发基金项目(2018YJ124,2021YJ159)。

摘　　要：基于铁路内燃机车尾气污染问题,开展后处理技术研究。研究表明,内燃机车发动机启机阶段排放的污染物以颗粒物为主,发动机负载情况下排放的污染物以一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)和氮氧化物(NO_(x))为主。通过对氧化催化器(DOC)、颗粒捕集器(DPF)、颗粒氧化型催化器(POC)、选择性催化还原器(SCR)等处理技术进行对比分析,结合东风DF4C/4404型内燃机车改造条件,提出了发动机启机阶段采用POC+DPF处理技术,发动机正常运转后采用DOC+DOC或DOC+POC2种技术路线进行比较的改造试验方案,并制作样机进行应用试验。试验结果表明,发动机启机阶段,采用POC+DPF技术,CO的去除率达到84.44%,尾气光吸收系数降低了94.02%,排气筒的黑烟排放状况改善明显;发动机正常运转后,2种方案中DOC+DOC处理装置效果较为理想,对CO和HC的处理效率可达到98.00%以上,排气黑烟不可见。Based on the problem of exhaust pollution of diesel locomotive,the post-treatment technology was studied.It is found that the pollutants emitted by the diesel locomotive engine at the starting stage are mainly particulate matter,and the pollutants emitted by the engine under load are mainly carbon monoxide(CO),hydrocarbons(HC)and nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)).Through comparative analysis of DOC,DPF,POC,SCR and other treatment technologies,combined with the transformation conditions of Dongfeng DF4C/4404 diesel locomotive,POC+DPF treatment technology was proposed in engine start-up stage.After the normal operation of the engine,the two technical routes DOC+DOC or DOC+POC are used to compare the transformation test scheme,and the prototype is made for application test.The test results show that the removal rate of CO reaches 84.44%,the light absorption coefficient of exhaust gas is reduced by 94.02%,and the black smoke emission of exhaust pipe is improved obviously.After the normal operation of the engine,the treatment efficiency of the DOC+DOC treatment device for CO and HC can reach more than 98.00%,and the exhaust black smoke is almost invisible.

关 键 词：内燃机车 柴油发动机 尾气处理 氧化催化器 颗粒捕集器 颗粒氧化型催化器 选择性催化还原器 

分 类 号：X731[环境科学与工程—环境工程]