甘肃省酒泉市2013-2023年动物鼠疫疫情监测分析  

Epidemiological surveillance of animal plague in Jiuquan City,Gansu Province,2013-2023

作　　者：杨丹 王利 张萃 张丽莎 李国强[1] YANG Dan;WANG Li;ZHANG Cui;ZHANG Li-sha;LI Guo-qiang(General Office,Jiuquan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiuquan,Gansu 735000,China)

机构地区：[1]酒泉市疾病预防控制中心办公室,甘肃酒泉735000

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2024年第4期440-446,共7页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

摘　　要：目的分析甘肃省酒泉市动物间鼠疫疫情的动态变化和流行趋势,预测人间鼠疫发生的可能性,为指导酒泉市动物间鼠疫防控和突发鼠疫公共卫生事件应急管理提供技术支撑。方法按照《全国鼠疫监测方案》开展动物间鼠疫监测,收集整理2013—2023年酒泉市3县(市)鼠疫监测数据,包括宿主动物密度、媒介生物调查结果、鼠疫耶尔森菌病原学及血清学检测结果等,采用描述流行病学方法对监测结果进行分析,采用χ^(2)检验进行率的比较,线性趋势χ^(2)检验或Spearman秩相关检验用于分析时间序列要素数据的变化趋势。结果2013—2023年年平均调查路线长度159.04 km,疫源地年平均调查面积1747.86 hm^(2),年平均见獭数297.73只,獭密度0.17只/hm^(2);鼠体媒介生物年平均感染率26.54%,平均媒介指数1.50;洞干媒介生物年平均感染率为2.76%,平均媒介指数0.06。2013—2023年喜马拉雅旱獭疫源地野外夜行鼠(含兔形目)宿主动物捕获率(χ_(趋势)^(2)=66.832,P<0.001)、监测病原宿主动物阳性率(<χ_(趋势)^(2)=9.260,P=0.020)、监测病原媒介生物阳性率((χ_(趋势)^(2)=11.591,P<0.001)、宿主动物血清监测阳性率(χ_(趋势)^(2)=11.070,P<0.001)随时间变化呈下降趋势。结论酒泉市鼠疫疫源地宿主和媒介构成优势种突出,2013—2023年种类组成和数量均有所变化,动物间鼠疫疫情仍活跃,应采取多样化的监测手段和方法,逐步提高监测水平,及时掌握鼠疫流行趋势。Objective To investigate the dynamics and trends of animal plague in Jiuquan,Gansu Province,China for the possibility of human plague,so as to provide technical support for the prevention and control of animal plague and the emergency management of plague-related public health events in Jiuquan.Methods Animal plague was monitored according to the National Plague Surveillance Program.The plague surveillance data were collected from three counties(cities)in Jiuquan in 2013-2023,including host animal density,vector data,Yersinia pestis etiology and serology results.The data were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.The Chi-square test was used to compare rates.The Chi-square test for linear trend and Spearman rank correlation test were used to analyze time series data changes.Results From 2013 to 2023,the average annual survey route length was 159.04 km;the average annual survey area of the foci was 1747.86 hm^(2);the average annual number of marmots found was 297.73,with a density of 0.17 inds/hm^(2);the average annual infestation rate of rodent body vectors was 26.54%,with an average vector index of 1.50;and the average annual infestation rate of burrow vectors was 2.76%,with an average vector index of 0.06.Trend analyses revealed decreasing trends for the capture rate of wild nocturnal host animals(χ_(trend)^(2)=66.832,P<0.001),the pathogen-positive rate of host animals(χ_(trend)^(2)=9.260,P=0.020),the pathogen-positive rate of vector organisms(χ_(trend)^(2)=11.591,P<0.001),and the positive rate by serology(χ_(trend)^(2)=11.070,P<0.001)at the Marmota himalayana plague foci of Jiuquan from 2013 to 2023.Conclusions The dominant species of hosts and vectors at Jiuquan plague foci are prominent,and the composition and number of those species have changed over the years.Plague is still active among animals,so multiple surveillance methods should be adopted to improve the surveillance level to inform the trend of plague transmission.

关 键 词：喜马拉雅旱獭 鼠疫 动物监测 描述流行病学 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]