油菜薹对行自走式收获机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Six-row Harvester for Oilseed Rape Shoot

作　　者：单伊尹 廖庆喜[1,2] 万星宇 袁佳诚 陈磊 廖宜涛 SHAN Yiyin;LIAO Qingxi;WAN Xingyu;YUAN Jiacheng;CHEN Lei;LIAO Yitao(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第8期93-104,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600502);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代油菜产业技术体系项目(CARS-12);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2662023GXQD001);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2023AFB852)。

摘　　要：针对我国双低油菜“油蔬两用”多功能开发与利用过程中,油菜薹人工收获效率低、成本高且机械化收获技术与装备缺乏等问题,提出了集低茬双动切割、柔性夹持输送、抛送铺放、横向输送、集箱等环节的油菜薹机械化对行收获工艺方案,并在分析油菜薹种植农艺与机械化收获要求的基础上,设计了油菜薹对行自走式收获机。阐述了整机结构与工作原理,开展了切割装置、夹持输送装置、横向输送装置等关键部件结构设计与理论分析,结合油菜薹沿输送路径迁移的几何与运动学条件确定了收获机主要结构参数与工作参数。田间试验结果表明,当刀机速比系数为0.8、夹持输送速度为0.37 m/s、横向输送速度为0.5 m/s时,收获作业过程中无漏割,夹持输送成功率为93.69%、作业损伤率为7.4%、作业生产率达0.17 hm^(2)/h,收获机各关键部件运行较稳定,可一次性实现切割、夹持输送、横向输送、集箱等工序,各项性能指标满足油菜薹机械化收获作业要求。Oilseed-vegetable-dual-purpose is the technology increasing to harvest shoot on the premise of rapeseed,as fresh vegetable,can effectively improve the benefit of rape.However,manual harvesting is inefficient and costly,and lacking of mechanized harvesting technology and equipment.Therefore,a mechanized row harvesting process plan was proposed,which included reciprocating cutting,clamping-transporting,throwing-placing,cross transporting and collecting.Further,a self-propelled six-row harvester was developed on the basis of the agronomic and mechanized harvesting requirements of oilseed rape shoot.The structure and working principle of the harvester were elaborated,and the key components such as cutting device,clamping and conveying device and cross transporting device were designed based on the theoretical analysis.In addition,the main structural and working parameters of the harvester were determined based on the geometric and kinematic conditions of the oilseed rape shoot migration along the transporting path.Field test results showed that when the speed ratio coefficient of the cutter machine and the harvester was 0.8,the clamping-transporting speed was 0.37 m/s,the speed of the cross belt was 0.5 m/s,the success rate of cutting was 100%,during the harvesting operation,and the clamping-transporting success rate was 93.69%,the operation damage rate was 7.4%,and the rate of production was 0.17 hm^(2)/h;moreover,the key components of the harvester operated stably,and the harvester can complete the processes such as cutting,clamping-transporting,cross transporting and colleting at one time,and performance indicators met the requirements for mechanized harvesting for oilseed rape shoot.The research results can provide ways for the design and improvement of mechanized harvesting equipment for stem and leafy vegetables.

关 键 词：油菜薹 对行收获机 往复式切割 夹持输送 横向输送 

分 类 号：S225.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]