瓶栽鹿茸菇自动采收装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Lyophyllum decastes Automatic Harvesting Device for Bottle Planting

作　　者：吴彦强[1,2] 侯献伟 喻俊源 石浩彤 刘霞 侯加林 WU Yanqiang;HoU Xianwe;YU Junyuan;SHI Haotong;LIU Xia;HOU Jialin(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station,Ji'nan 250014,China;Shandong Nongfa Smart Biotechnology Group Co.,Ltd.,Dongying 257200,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,泰安271018 [2]农业装备智能化山东省工程研究中心,泰安271018 [3]山东省农业机械技术推广站,济南250014 [4]山东农发智慧生物科技集团有限公司,东营257200

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第8期105-116,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2022CXGC010610);山东省高等学校青年创新团队项目(2022KJ244);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022QE103)。

摘　　要：针对瓶栽鹿茸菇工厂化采收装备缺失的问题,提出了一种“输-定-切-夹”采收工艺,并设计了相应的自动采收装置,阐述了装置总体结构及工作原理,确定了整机作业流程。通过对栽培筐输送过程运动学与力学分析,确定了导流条安装角及输送辊筒参数;基于ANSYS LS-DYNA对切割过程进行了仿真分析,以切割速度、进给速度、带锯条前角及齿距为试验因素,以切割反作用力为响应指标,通过响应面法进行了切割性能建模和优化。结合物理试验确定了最优参数组合:切割速度为6.49 m/min、进给速度为0.12 m/min、前角为25°、齿距为7 mm;采用ABAQUS软件对柔性手指弯曲过程进行了仿真,结合物理试验确定了柔性手指最优结构参数为:气腔厚度2 mm、气腔7个、气压25 kPa、限制层厚度3 mm。整机试验表明,装置运行平稳,采收作业效果良好,平均采净率、平均损失率和平均损伤率分别为98.18%、3.66%和2.75%,满足瓶栽鹿茸菇实际采收要求。Aiming to address the deficiency in mechanized harvesting equipment for cultivated bottle planting Lyophyllum decastes,an automated harvesting device was designed to achieve the transportation and positioning of the cultivation basket for bottle planting Lyophyllum decastes,the fixation of the cultivation bottle,low-loss and high-quality root cutting of Lyophyllum decastes,and flexible clamping and transportation.The overall structure and working principle of the device were explained.Through mechanical and kinematic analysis of the cultivation basket conveying process,the installation angle of the guide bar was determined to be 71°.Based on ANSYS LS-DYNA,a simulation analysis was conducted on the root cutting process.Considering cutting speed,feeding speed,saw blade rake angle,and tooth pitch as influencing factors,and the cutting force was used as the response index.The response surface method was used to analyze the significant impact of each factor on the index.The regression model was optimized and validated through bench tests.When the cutting speed was 6.49 m/min,the feeding speed was 0.12 m/min,the front angle was 25°,and the tooth pitch was 7 mm,the cutting force was the smallest.A flexible finger for harvesting Lyophyllum decastes was designed.Based on the Yeoh model theory,the rubber material parameters were fitted by using uniaxial tensile testing.Single factor experiments were conducted by using ABAQUS software,and combined with actual experiments,the optimal bending performance was obtained.The structural parameters of the flexible finger were air cavity thickness of 2 mm,7 air cavities,air pressure at 25 kPa,and a restricting layer thickness of 3 mm.The overall machine trials demonstrated that the device operates smoothly,exhibiting excellent harvesting performance.The average net harvest rate,average loss rate,and average damage rate were recorded as 98.18%,3.66%,and 2.75%,respectively.These results met the actual harvesting requirements for bottle planting Lyophyllum decastes,ensuring efficient

关 键 词：瓶栽鹿茸菇 自动采收装置 回转式切割 柔性夹持 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]