香蕉秸秆粉碎抛撒还田机仿生刀片设计与试验  

Design and Flow Field Analysis of Bionic Blade of Banana Straw Crushing and Throwing Machine

作　　者：张喜瑞[1] 倪世雷 刘俊孝 胡旭航 张志富 符少华 ZHANG Xirui;NI Shilei;LIU Junxiao;HU Xuhang;ZHANG Zhifu;FU Shaohua(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;School of Information and Communication Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学机电工程学院,海口570228 [2]海南大学信息与通信工程学院,海口570228

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第8期138-151,160,共15页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52075137、51965015);海南省重点研发计划项目(SQ2022XDNY0150);海南省院士创新平台项目(HD-YSZX-202005、HD-YSZX-202101)。

摘　　要：为解决海南省香蕉秸秆粉碎机作业过程中粉碎效果差和抛撒不均匀等问题,设计了一款具有良好秸秆粉碎性能的仿生锯齿粉碎尖刀还田机。将仿生学原理应用到粉碎刀片设计中,仿蓝鲨牙齿锯齿轮廓设计了一款仿生锯齿粉碎尖刀,通过仿真验证了仿生锯齿尖刀对香蕉秸秆的切割能力,并设计了仿生锯齿尖刀与传统粉碎刀混合使用,制定了试验方案并进行整机仿真与田间试验。利用Fluent软件研究了香蕉秸秆粉碎还田机作业过程中粉碎刀轴转速、粉碎室离地高度和粉碎刀刀尖与机壳距离等参数对粉碎室内不同位置的压力场、速度场的影响。仿真结果表明,当刀轴转速为2000 r/min时,粉碎室喂入特性最佳;粉碎室离地高度越大,秸秆喂入特性越好,但过高或过低的离地高度会导致粉碎室内秸秆流动性降低;增加粉碎刀刀尖与机壳间隙会导致秸秆抛撒情况产生不良影响。仿真试验和田间试验结果表明,仿生锯齿尖刀与传统粉碎刀混合使用,可在保证秸秆捡拾能力同时,提高整机粉碎合格率和抛撒均匀度。To solve the problems of poor crushing effect and uneven scattering of banana straw crusher in Hainan Province during operation,a field returning machine was designed with a biomimetic serrated grinding knife with good straw crushing performance.Applying the principles of bionics to the design of crushing blades,a biomimetic serrated crushing knife was designed based on the serrated profile of blue shark teeth.The cutting ability of the biomimetic serrated knife on banana straw was verified through simulation,and a mixed use of the biomimetic serrated blade and traditional crushing knife was designed.An experimental plan was developed for machine simulation and field experiments.Using Fluent flow field analysis software,the effects of parameters such as the speed of the crushing blade shaft,the height of the crushing chamber from the ground,and the distance of the crushing blade tip from the casing on the pressure and velocity fields at different positions in the banana straw crushing and returning machine during operation were studied.When the spindle speed was 2000 r/min,the feeding characteristics of the crushing chamber were the best.The higher the height of the crushing chamber from the ground was,the better the feeding characteristics of the straw were,but too high or too low of the height from the ground can lead to a decrease in the fluidity of the straw in the crushing chamber.Increasing the gap between the tip of the crushing knife and the casing can have a negative impact on the scattering of straw.Through simulation and field experiments,it can be concluded that the combination of biomimetic serrated blade and traditional crushing blade can ensure the straw picking ability while improving the crushing qualification and scattering uniformity of the entire machine.The research result can provide support for the design and optimization of banana straw returning machines.

关 键 词：香蕉秸秆 粉碎还田 仿生刀片 流场特性 

分 类 号：S224.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]