淡水鱼圈养模式气送式投饲系统设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Feeding System for Freshwater Fish in Juanyang Mode

作　　者：孔宪锐 张卿 李洪波 牛智有[1,2] 黄凰 刘梅英 刘静[1,2] KONG Xianrui;ZHANG Qing;LI Hongbo;NIU Zhiyou;HUANG Huang;LIU Meiying;LIU Jing(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部智慧养殖技术重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第8期152-160,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32072765);湖北省农机装备补短板核心技术应用攻关项目(HBSNYT202217)。

摘　　要：由于传统淡水鱼池塘养殖存在废物过量堆积、水体污染严重等问题,以及中国对水产品需求的增加,工厂化循环水养殖、集装箱、圈养模式等高质量、高产量、集约化的新型淡水鱼养殖模式逐渐得到应用。针对新型淡水鱼养殖模式存在投饲劳动强度大、自动化程度低等问题,设计了一款气送式自动投饲系统,实现了定向、定时和定量投饲功能。设计了特定的四通装置和三通装置以保证饲料的定向输送;基于计算流体力学和离散单元法(Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method,CFD-DEM)耦合技术,初步确定了满足投饲要求的投饲速度并由此确定了风机型号;开发了以Arduino Mega 2560单片机为核心处理器的投饲控制系统,通过时钟模块实时获取当前时间信息,通过称量传感器实时获取料仓内物料质量信息,通过蓝牙传输预计投饲区域、投饲时间和投饲质量,从而实现定向定时定量投饲;最后试制样机并进行了性能试验,两种工况下投饲的实际投饲距离与仿真结果误差分别为5.74%和9.54%,定向、定时和定量投饲可以准确实现,控制系统响应时间小于1 s,定量投饲最大误差为5.37%。研究结果表明,自动投饲系统结构可靠、控制系统精度较高,满足自动投饲要求。Due to the problem of excessive waste accumulation and serious water pollution in traditional feeding mode,high-quality,high-yield and intensive feeding modes for freshwater fish were applied to meet the demand for water products in China,such as industrial aquaculture,containerized aquaculture and pond Juanyang mode.A pneumatic and automatic feeding system was designed,aiming at the problems of high intensity of labour and low degree of automation.The functions of directional,timing and quantitative feeding were realized,combined with Bluetooth control.The main content was summarized as follows:the specific four-way and three-way units were designed to ensure the directional delivery of feed.Based on Computational fluid dynamics-Discrete element method(CFD-DEM)coupling technology,the feeding speed was initially determined,and the fan was selected according to the feeding speed.The feeding system was developed with Arduino Mega 2560 processor;the time and weight information in this system were obtained by clock module and weighting sensor;the data of expected feeding time,feeding weight and feeding area was transmitted through Bluetooth module.Finally,the prototype was performed and tested.For two working conditoins,the error of average feeding distance between experiment and simulation were 5.74%and 9.54%.The directional,timing and quantitative feeding could be achieved accurately,with response time less than 1 s.The maximum error of quantified feeding was 5.37%.The results showed that the automatic feeding system can meet the real feeding requirements with reliable structure and high-accuracy control system.This research can provide a solution for the feeding problem of freshwater fish farming.

关 键 词：淡水鱼 圈养模式 气送式投饲系统 定时定量 定向送料 CFD-DEM 

分 类 号：S969.31[农业科学—水产养殖]