基于容积闭环控制的颗粒农产品加料定量方法研究  

Quantitative Method of Granular Agricultural Products Feeding Based on Volume Closed-loop Control

作　　者：王嘉恩 WANG Jiaen(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering&Automation,Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College,Zhangzhou 363105,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学嘉庚学院机电工程与自动化学院,漳州363105

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2024年第8期410-417,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT210633)。

摘　　要：针对颗粒农产品定量加料精度低、自动化程度不高等问题,分析了常见颗粒农产品的物理特性,采用了以体积估计质量的定量方法,并在控制系统中引入闭环控制方案,设计了一种颗粒农产品的动态定量加料设备。该设备主要由具有可变容积量杯结构的定量装置、传送与分流机构以及复检称重秤等部分组成,在阐述机械本体结构和工作原理的基础上,提出了一种基于历史离散数据拟合预测误差的闭环控制算法,当复检工序检测到加料质量与目标质量存在差值时,可通过闭环控制系统补偿修正定量加料工序的量杯容积,从而减小定量加料的误差。实验结果表明,该设备可实现颗粒农产品的高精度动态定量加料,具有抗扰动和自适应能力。以大米、黄豆、芸豆为实验对象,在旋转盘转速为4 r/min的工作条件下,经过3组闭环反馈调节,加料质量误差可稳定控制在1%以内。Aiming at the problems of low precision and low automation in quantitative feeding of granular agricultural products,the physical characteristics of common granular agricultural products were analyzed.A quantitative method based on volume estimation of mass was adopted,and a closed-loop control scheme was introduced into the control system.A dynamic quantitative feeding equipment for granular agricultural products was developed.The equipment mainly consisted of a quantitative device with a variable volume measuring cup structure,a transmission and distribution mechanism,and a reinspection weighing scale.Based on the explanation of the mechanical structure and working principle,a closed-loop control algorithm based on historical discrete data fitting prediction error was proposed.When the reinspection process detected a difference between the feeding quality and the target quality,the volume of the measuring cup in the quantitative feeding process would be compensated and corrected through a closed-loop control system,thereby reducing the error of quantitative feeding.The results of experiment showed that the equipment could achieve high-precision dynamic quantitative feeding of granular agricultural products with anti-interference and adaptive capabilities.Taking rice,soybeans,and kidney beans as the experimental object,the feeding quality error could be stably controlled within 1%after three sets of closed-loop feedback adjustments when the rotational speed of the turntable was 4 r/min.And the quantitative accuracy was far higher than that of the national requirement for the allowable shortage of quantitatively packaged goods.

关 键 词：农产品 颗粒料 定量加料 闭环控制 最小二乘法 丝杠螺母副 

分 类 号：S233.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]