鱼类肌肉生长研究进展  

Advances of fish muscle growth

作　　者：何玉慧 李响 石军 HE Yuhui;LI Xiang;SHI Jun(College of Marine Sciences,South China Agriculture University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学海洋学院,广东广州510642 [2]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《水产学报》2024年第9期1-21,共21页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD240203);农业生物育种重大项目(2023ZD04054);广州市农村科技特派员项目(2023E04J1242)。

摘　　要：鱼类是人类获取动物蛋白的重要来源,其主要可食用部分为肌肉组织。鱼类水产养殖的本质即通过适宜的养殖条件和技术,促使鱼类肌纤维快速增殖和迅速肥大,达到肌肉快速生长、提高养殖生产效益目的。鱼类肌肉生长的实质为肌纤维增殖和肌纤维增粗,即肌细胞不断融合形成更粗更大肌管的过程;肌管进一步分化、组装并表达一类肌肉特异性蛋白,最终形成两种不同类型的肌纤维:白色肌肉(快肌)和红色肌肉(慢肌)组织。本文系统总结了鱼类肌肉生长最新研究进展,包括鱼类肌纤维结构及形成过程,肌细胞增殖、迁移、分化及肌细胞生长的关键调控因子和信号通路;此外,重点解析了肌细胞融合的关键基因(mymk和mymx)及融合决定因素。另外,本文概述了肌肉生长基因资源在水产育种中的应用,阐述了利用营养条件改良鱼类肉质的可行性,并提出可结合遗传学和营养学手段,合理调节鱼类肌纤维增殖和增粗两种生长模式,实现肌肉快速增长和肉质改良。本综述可为鱼类速生优质品系培育提供理论基础和实践指导。Fish is a vital source of animal-based protein due to its abundant muscle content.The objective of fish aquaculture is to enhance muscle fibers hyperplasia and hypertrophy through optimal breeding conditions and technologies,thereby accelerating muscle growth and increasing the economic viability of industry.The fundamental processes of fish muscle growth involve hyperplasia and hypertrophy of muscle fibers,coupled with the ongoing fusion of muscle cells,culminating in the development of larger myotubes or thicker myofibers.Before the differentiation of myotubes into two distinct muscle fibers—white(fast)and red(slow)muscle tissues—the cells undergo gradual specilization,assembling and expressing muscle-specific proteins,including various myosin isoforms.This review summarizes the latest insights into fish muscle growth,encom-passing cell proliferation,migration,differentiation,cell-cell fusion and muscle fibers formation.It also identifies key regulatory factors(pax3,pax7,myf5,myod,myog and mrf4)and the GH-IGF signaling pathway that influence muscle development.The review elucidates the transition of mononucleated muscle cells into syncytial fibers dur-ing growth and development.Notably,two novel gene orthologs,mymk and mymx,are implicated in muscle cell fusion and are conserved across vertebrate.The determinants of fusion,such as cell adhesion molecules,fuso-gens,and actin cytoskeletal regulators,which facilitate the formation of finger-like projections,are crucial for muscle cell fusion.This review further explores potential aquatic genetic resources for breeding to enhance muscle growth and discusses dietary approaches to improve fish meat quality.By integrating these findings,we introduce a novel perspective on muscle growth enhancement through nutritional and genetic interventions.Collectively,this review offers a comprehensive overview of aquaculture traits development,focusing on rapid growth and enhanced muscle quality.

关 键 词：鱼类肌肉生长 肌纤维增殖 肌纤维增粗 生肌调节因子 肌细胞融合 mymk mymx MSTN 

分 类 号：Q173[生物学—水生生物学] S965[生物学—普通生物学]