9种鱼类嗅囊组织结构特征和V1Rs基因家族进化分析  

Structure of olfactory epithelium and evolution of V1Rs gene family in nine fish species

作　　者：宋陈 吕毛琳 张郑玮 高泽霞[1] 刘寒[1] SONG Chen;LÜMaolin;ZHANG Zhengwei;GAO Zexia;LIU Han(Key laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,农业农村部淡水生物繁殖重点实验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《水产学报》2024年第9期149-160,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32273109);湖北省自然科学基金(2022CFB106);国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系(CARS-45-01)。

摘　　要：为探究不同鱼类嗅觉器官组成差异及V1Rs基因的进化规律,实验采用组织形态学方法比较了9种鱼类的嗅囊结构特征,并通过比较基因组学和生物信息学手段对V1Rs基因家族进行鉴定、序列结构及进化分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对泥鳅V1Rs基因的组织表达模式进行分析。结果显示,6种鲤形目鱼类的嗅基板类型均为G型,鲇形目为H型,而鲈形目则有F型和G型两种,嗅基板数量在9种鱼类中差异较大,其中大口黑鲈的嗅基板数量最少,只有7个,黄颡鱼最多,有80个。研究共鉴定出58个完整的V1Rs基因,这些基因属于G蛋白偶联受体家族。V1Rs基因分为6个亚型(V1R1、V1R2、V1R3、V1R4、V1R5、V1R6),9种鱼类基因组中均有1个V1R1和V1R2基因,但翘嘴鲌基因组中缺少V1R3和V1R4基因,鳜缺少V1R5基因,而团头鲂、黄颡鱼和翘嘴鲌各有2个V1R5基因。qRT-PCR结果显示,与对照组相比(肌肉组织),除V1R3b外,泥鳅V1Rs基因均在雌、雄嗅囊中显著高表达,但在脑和触须中的表达量较低,在性腺组织中,雌、雄泥鳅V1Rs基因表达量存在明显差异,其中,V1R1、V1R4、V1R5、V1R6在精巢中的表达量显著高于卵巢,而V1R3b基因在雌性泥鳅性腺中显著高于雄性,V1R2和V1R3a在雌、雄泥鳅中则没有显著性差异。本研究不仅阐明了不同鱼类嗅囊组织结构和V1Rs基因拷贝数、进化差异,结果也为后续深入探究鱼类异性识别的嗅觉分子基础和V1Rs基因在繁殖中作用机制奠定基础。Olfaction plays an important role in the survival and reproduction of fish,as it can perceive and identify thousands of different odor molecules,which help fish to carry out life activities such as feeding,reproduction,migration and avoidance of enemies.The ability of V1Rs to recognize pheromones plays an important role in animal reproduction and mate recognition.To investigate the differences in the structure of olfactory epithelium(OE)and the evolution of vomeronasal type-1 receptors(V1Rs)in different fish species,this study compared the structural characteristics of the OE of nine fish species based on histological studies.The sequence,protein struc-ture and evolution of the V1Rs family in these nine fish species were identified and analyzed using comparative genomics and bioinformatics.Additionally,tissue expression patterns of the V1Rs in male and female Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated by qRT-PCR.The results revealed that six species of Cypriniform fish have G-type olfactory plates types,while Siluriform fish have H-type,and Perciform fish have both F-type and G-type.There is a significant variation in the number of olfactory plates among the nine fish species studied,for example,Micropterus salmoides has only seven olfactory plates while Pelteobagrus fulvidraco has eighty.The study identi-fied a total of 58 complete V1Rs genes,divided into six subtypes(V1R1,V1R2,V1R3,V1R4,V1R5,V1R6).Each of the nine fish species genomes contains one V1R1 and one V1R2 gene;however,the genome of the Culter alburnus lacks V1R3 and V1R4 genes,while the Siniperca chuatsi is missing the V1R5 gene.Additionally,the Megalo-brama amblycephala,P.fulvidraco and C.alburnus each have two copies of the V1R5 gene.The results of qRT-PCR showed that all seven V1Rs genes were significantly highly expressed in the olfactory epithelium(OE)of both female and male M.anguillicaudatus compared with the control group(muscle tissue)(P<0.05),except for V1R3b which did not show significant expression differences between OE and muscle tissu

关 键 词：鱼类 嗅囊 V1Rs基因家族 基因鉴定 基因表达 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]