竞技选手专项动作加工优势特征的认知神经科学研究进展与展望——基于对乒乓球运动员的考察  

Cognitive Neuroscience Research Progress and Prospects on Specialized Action Processing Advantage Features of Competitive Athletes-Insights from Table Tennis Players

作　　者：周成林 陆颖之 王莹莹 ZHOU Chenglin;LU Yingzhi;WANG Yingying(School of Psychology,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Key Laboratory of Motor Cognitive Assessment and Regulation,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育大学心理学院,上海200438 [2]上海体育大学“运动认知评定与调控”重点实验室,上海200438

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2024年第3期286-295,共10页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071088,32271131)。

摘　　要：认知神经科学技术的引入有力推动了竞技运动心理学研究领域的发展,目前围绕竞技选手动作加工优势的神经机制研究已取得重要进展。概述该领域的主要研究成果,聚焦于揭示竞技选手的动作加工特征和与之相关脑可塑性的关键发现。基于前馈模型理论和心理化系统,回顾了脑电图、磁共振成像、经颅磁刺激等技术及神经反馈、无创性深部脑刺激技术应用于竞技选手专项动作加工领域的研究进展,同时总结了围绕乒乓球这一项目开展的多项国家自然科学基金项目研究成果。未来研究仍需融合新兴技术和算法,在理论和实践方面不断突破创新:人工智能算法的发展将为揭示人脑运动可塑性提供更为直接和精确的答案;无创性深部脑刺激和神经反馈等技术将有望成为提升竞技选手运动表现的有效手段;借助优势项目带来的群众基础,建立运动纵向干预儿童和青少年脑智发育的预测模型。The introduction of cognitive neuroscience techniques has significantly propelled the development of the field of sports psychology.Currently,important progress has been made in researching the neural mechanisms underlying athletesadvantage in action processing.This study provides an overview of the major research findings in this field,with a focus on revealing the characteristics of action processing in athletes and key findings related to brain plasticity.Based on the theories of forward models and the psychophysiological system,this review discusses the advancements in research methodologies,including electroencephalography(EEG),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS),as well as the application of neurofeedback and non-invasive deep brain stimulation techniques in the domain of specialized action processing in athletes.Additionally,it summarizes the research outcomes of multiple national natural science foundation projects conducted by our research team,primarily focused on table tennis as a sport.Furthermore,it suggests that future research should integrate emerging technologies and algorithms to continuously innovate in both theory and practice:the development of artificial intelligence algorithms is expected to provide more direct and precise insights into understanding brain plasticity in motor skills;non-invasive deep brain stimulation and neurofeedback techniques hold promise as effective means to enhance athletesperformance;and utilizing the grassroots following of prominent sports can help establish predictive models for the brain development of children and adolescents through longitudinal interventions.

关 键 词：认知神经科学 竞技选手 脑可塑性 动作加工 

分 类 号：G846.804.62[文化科学—体育训练]